معرفی

کتاب 504 Absolutely Essential Words یک منبع آموزشی مشهور برای یادگیری زبان انگلیسی است که به طور ویژه به تقویت دایره لغات زبان آموزان می‌پردازد. این کتاب به صورت گسترده در دوره‌های زبان انگلیسی استفاده می‌شود و هدف آن افزایش دانش واژگان از طریق معرفی 504 واژه ضروری است که در مکالمات و متون انگلیسی روزمره بسیار کاربرد دارند.

ساختار کتاب به گونه‌ای است که هر کلمه به همراه تعریف، مثال و جمله‌ای که آن کلمه در آن استفاده شده، آورده شده است. این روش باعث می‌شود که زبان آموز نه تنها معنای کلمه را بداند بلکه نحوه استفاده صحیح از آن در جمله را نیز یاد بگیرد. همچنین، کتاب شامل تمرینات متنوعی است که به یادگیری و تثبیت این واژگان کمک می‌کند.

لیست واژگان

Index	Word	Lesson	Definition	Examples
1	Approach	6	come near or nearer to	The lawyers in the Simpson trial were often asked to approach the bench. Her beau kissed Sylvia when he approached her. Ben approached the burden of getting a job with a new spirit.
2	Numb	2	without the power of feeling; deadened	My fingers quickly became numb in the frigid room. A numb feeling came over Mr. Massey as he read the telegram. When the nurse stuck a pin in my numb leg, I felt nothing.
3	Conceal	2	hide	Tris could not conceal his love for Glori Count Dracula concealed the corpse in his castle. The money was so cleverly concealed that we were forced to abandon our search for it.
4	Descend	4	go or come down from a higher place to a lower level	If we let the air out of a balloon, it will have to descend. The pilot, thinking his plane was in peril, descended quickly. Knowing her beau was waiting at the bottom of the staircase, Eleanor descended at once.
5	Vanish	4	disappear; disappear suddenly	Even in California the sun will sometimes vanish behind a cloud. Not even a powerful witch can make a jealous lover vanish. Give him a week without a job and all his money will vanish.
6	Persuade	3	win over to do or believe; make willing	Can you persuade him to give up his bachelor days and get married? No one could persuade the captain to leave the sinking ship. Beth’s shriek persuaded Jesse that she was in real danger.
7	Abandon	1	desert; leave without planning to come back; quit	When Roy abandoned his family, the police went looking for him. The soldier could not abandon his friends who were hurt in battle. Because Rose was poor, she had to abandon her idea of going to college.
8	Visible	3	able to be seen	The ship was barely visible through the dense fog. Before the stars are visible, the sky has to become quite dark. You need a powerful lens to make some germs visible.
9	Theory	4	explanation based on thought, observation, or reasoning	Einstein’s theory is really too difficult for the average person to understand. My uncle has a theory about the effect of weather on baseball batters. No one has advanced a theory explaining the beginnings of writing.
10	Enormous	4	extremely large; huge	The enormous crab moved across the ocean floor in search of food. Public hangings once drew enormous crowds. The gallant knight drew his sword and killed the enormous dragon.
11	Keen	1	sharp; eager; intense; sensitive	The butcher’s keen knife cut through the meat. My dog has a keen sense of smell. Bill’s keen mind pleased all his teachers.
12	Burden	5	what is carried; a load	The burden of the country’s safety is in the hands of the President. Irma found the enormous box too much of a burden. Ricky carried the burden throughout his college career.
13	Oath	1	a promise that something is true; a curse	The President will take the oath of office tomorrow. In court, the witness took an oath that he would tell the whole truth. When Terry discovered that he had been abandoned, he let out an angry oath.
14	Scarce	3	hard to get; rare	Chairs which are older than one hundred years are scarce. Because there is little moisture in the desert, trees are scarce. How scarce are good cooks?
15	Shriek	2	scream	The maid shrieked when she discovered the corpse. With a loud shriek, Ronald fled from the room. Facing the peril of the waterfall, the boatman let out a terrible shriek.
16	Corpse	2	a dead body, usually of a person	When given all the data on the corpse, Columbo was able to solve the murder. The corpse was laid to rest in the vacant coffin. An oath of revenge was sworn over the corpse by his relatives.
17	Talent	3	natural ability	Medori’s talent was noted when she was in first grade. Feeling that he had the essential talent, Carlos tried out for the school play. Hard work can often make up for a lack of talent.
18	Tempt	2	try to get someone to do something; test; invite	A banana split can tempt me to break my diet. The sight of beautiful Louise tempted the bachelor to change his mind about marriage. Your offer of a job tempts me greatly.
19	Assemble	5	gather together; bring together	The rioters assembled outside the White House. I am going to assemble a model of a spacecraft. All the people who had assembled for the picnic vanished when the rain began to fall.
20	Jealous	1	afraid that the one you love might prefer someone else; wanting what someone else has	A detective was hired by the jealous widow to find the boyfriend who had abandoned her. Although my neighbor just bought a new car, I am not jealous of him. Being jealous, Mona would not let her boyfriend dance with any of the cheerleaders.
21	Essential	3	necessary; very important	The essential items in the cake are flour, sugar, and shortening. It is essential that we follow the road map. Several layers of thin clothing are essential to keeping warm in frigid climates.
22	Detect	6	find out; discover	Sam Spade detected that the important papers had vanished. From her voice it was easy to detect that Ellen was frightened. We detected from the messy room that a large group of people had assembled there.
23	Peril	2	danger	The hunter was abandoned by the natives when he described the peril which lay ahead of them. There is great peril in trying to climb the mountain. Our library is filled with stories of perilous adventures.
24	Villain	4	a very wicked person	A typical moving picture villain gets killed at the end. The villain concealed the corpse in the cellar. When the villain fell down the well, everyone lived happily ever after.
25	Tradition	5	beliefs, opinions, and customs handed down from one generation to another	The father tried to persuade his son that the tradition of marriage was important. All religions have different beliefs and traditions. As time goes on, we will eliminate traditions which are meaningless.
26	Dense	4	closely packed together; thick	The dense leaves on the trees let in a minimum of sunlight. We couldn’t row because of the dense weeds in the lake. His keen knife cut through the dense jungle.
27	Gallant	1	brave; showing respect for women	The pilot swore a gallant oath to save his buddy. Many gallant knights entered the contest to win the princess. Ed is so gallant that he always gives up his subway seat to a woman.
28	Majority	5	the larger number; greater part; more than half	A majority of votes was needed for the bill to pass. The majority of people prefer to pay wholesale prices for meat. In some countries, the government does not speak for the majority of the people.
29	Reform	5	make better; improve by removing faults	After the prison riot, the council decided to reform the correctional system. Brad reformed when he saw that breaking the law was hurting people other than himself. Only laws that force companies to reform will clear the dangerous vapors from our air.
30	Inhabit	2	live in	Eskimos inhabit the frigid part of Alask Because Sidney qualified, he was allowed to inhabit the vacant apartment. Many crimes are committed each year against those who inhabit the slum area of our city.
31	Dismal	2	dark and depressing	When the weather is so dismal, I sometimes stay in bed all day. I am unaccustomed to this dismal climate. As the dismal reports of the election came in, the senator’s friends tactfully made no mention of them.
32	Devise	3	think out; plan; invent	The burglars devised a scheme for entering the bank at night. I would like to devise a method for keeping my toes from becoming numb while I am ice skating. If we could devise a plan for using the abandoned building, we could save thousands of dollars.
33	Explore	5	go over carefully; look into closely; examine	Lawyer Spence explored the essential reasons for the crime. The Weather Bureau explored the effects of the rainy weather. Sara wanted to know if all of the methods for solving the problem had been explored.
34	Topic	5	subject that people think, write, or talk about	Predicting the weather is our favorite topic of conversation. Valerie only discussed topics that she knew well. The speaker’s main topic was how to eliminate hunger in this world.
35	Debate	5	a discussion in which reasons for and against something are brought out	The debate between the two candidates was heated. Debate in the U.S. Senate lasted for five days. Instead of shrieking at each other, the students decided to have a debate on the topi
36	Sinister	2	evil; wicked; dishonest; frightening	The sinister plot to cheat the widow was uncovered by the police. When the bank guard spied the sinister-looking customer, he drew his gun. I was frightened by the sinister shadow at the bottom of the stairs.
37	Expensive	3	costly; high-priced	Because diamonds are scarce they are expensive. Margarine is much less expensive than butter. Shirley’s expensive dress created a great deal of excitement at the party.
38	Vacant	1	empty; not filled	Someone is planning to build a house on that vacant lot. I put my coat on that vacant seat. When the landlord broke in, he found that apartment vacant.
39	Defect	6	fault; that which is wrong	My Chevrolet was sent back to the factory because of a steering defect. His theory of the formation of our world was filled with defects. The villain was caught because his plan had many defects.
40	Blend	3	mix together thoroughly; a mixture	The colors of the rainbow blend into one another. A careful blend of fine products will result in delicious food. When Jose blends the potatoes together, they come out very smooth.
41	Annual	3	once a year; something that appears yearly or lasts for a year	The annual convention of musicians takes place in Hollywood. The publishers of the encyclopedia put out a book each year called an annual. Plants that live only one year are called annuals.
42	Hardship	1	something that is hard to bear; difficulty	The fighter had to face many hardships before he became champion. Abe Lincoln was able to overcome one hardship after another. On account of hardship, Bert was let out of the army to take care of his sick mother.
43	Tact	1	ability to say the right thing	My aunt never hurts anyone’s feelings because she always uses tact. By the use of tact, Janet was able to calm her jealous husband. Your friends will admire you if you use tact and thoughtfulness.
44	Data	1	facts; information	The data about the bank robbery were given to the F.I. After studying the data, we were able to finish our report. Unless you are given all the data, you cannot do the math problem.
45	Doubt	16	not believe; not be sure of; feel uncertain about; lack of certainty	Scientists doubt that a total cure for cancer will be found soon. The question of whether he could survive the winter was left in doubt. We don’t doubt that the tradition of marriage will continue.
46	Pursue	15	follow; proceed along	We pursued the bicycle thief until he vanished from our vision. Ernie rowed up the river, pursuing it to its source. The senior wanted to pursue urban affairs as his life’s work.
47	Hesitate	11	fail to act quickly; be undecided	Nora hesitated to accept the challenge. When he got to the robbers’ vicinity, he hesitated before going on. The proverb tells us that he who hesitates is lost.
48	Vast	16	very great; enormous	Daniel Boone explored vast areas that had never been settled. Our campus always seems vast to new students. Vast differences between the two sides were made clear in the debate.
49	Thrust	14	push with force	Once the jet engine was ignited, it thrust the rocket from the ground. He had adequate strength to thrust himself through the locked door. Eva was in a terrible rage when she thrust herself into the room.
50	Vessel	13	a ship; a hollow container; tube containing body fluid	The Girl Scouts were permitted a glimpse of the vessel being built when they toured the Navy Yard. My father burst a blood vessel when he got the bill from the garage. Congress voted to decrease the amount of money being spent on space vessels.
51	Gleam	13	a flash or beam of lightperson who prepares a publication; one who corrects a manuscript and helps to improve it	A gleam of light shone through the prison window. The only source of light in the cellar came in the form of a gleam through a hole in the wall. My grandmother gets a gleam in her eyes when she sees the twins.
52	Reveal	12	make known	Napoleon agreed to reveal the information to the French population The evidence was revealed only after hours of questioning. General Motors revealed reluctantly that there were defects in their new Buicks.
53	Violent	14	acting or done with strong, rough force	Carefully, very carefully, we approached the violent man. Violent behavior is prohibited on school grounds. Vernon had a tendency to be violent when someone angered him.
54	Frank	12	free in expressing one’s real thoughts, opinions, or feelings; not hiding what is in one’s mind	Never underestimate the value of being frank with one another. Eretha was completely frank when she told her friend about the sale. People liked Duffy because they knew he would be frank with them.
55	Sacred	15	worthy of respect; holy	Her sacred medal had to be sold because the family was in urgent need of money. It was revealed by the journalist that the sacred temple had been torn down. Kate made a sacred promise to her parents never to miss a Sunday church service.
56	Alter	15	make different; change; vary	I altered my typical lunch and had a steak instead. Dorothy agreed to alter my dress if I would reveal its cost to her. It’s absurd to spend money to alter that old candy store.
57	Pierce	16	go into; go through; penetrate	My sister is debating whether or not to get her ears pierced. I tried to ignore his bad violin playing, but the sound was piercing. Halloran violently pierced the skin of his rival, causing massive bleeding.
58	Absurd	11	plainly not true or sensible; foolish	It was absurd to believe the fisherman’s tall tale. The flabby boy realized that the suggestion to diet was not absurd. Underestimating the importance of reading is absurd.
59	Commence	13	begin; start	Graduation will commence at ten o’clock. Bella hesitated before commencing her speech. The discussion commenced with a report on urban affairs.
60	Penetrate	16	get into or through	We had to penetrate the massive wall in order to hang the mirror. Although Kenny tried to pound the nail into the rock with a hammer, he couldn’t penetrate the hard surface. The thieves penetrated the banks security and stole the money.
61	Slender	16	long and thin; limited; slight	Carlotta’s slender figure made her look somewhat taller than she was. There was only a slender chance that you could conceal the truth. The slender thief was able to enter the apartment through the narrow window.
62	Persist	13	continue firmly; refuse to stop or be changed	The humid weather persisted all summer. Would Lorraine’s weird behavior persist, we all wondered? Lloyd persisted in exaggerating everything he said.
63	Capacity	16	amount of room or space inside; largest amount that can be held by a container	A sign in the elevator stated that its capacity was 1100 pounds. The gasoline capsule had a capacity of 500 gallons. So well-liked was the prominent speaker that the auditorium was filled to capacity when he began his lecture.
64	Rival	14	person who wants and tries to get the same thing as another; one who tries to equal or do better than another	The boxer devised an attack which would help him to be victorious over his young rival. Sherry didn’t like to compete because she always thought her rival would win. Seidman and Son decided to migrate to an area where they would have fewer rivals.
65	Fortunate	15	having good luck; lucky	Wesley was fortunate to have an adequate sum of money in the bank. It is fortunate that the famine did not affect our village. The underdog was fortunate enough to come out a winner.
66	Editor	13	person who prepares a publication; one who corrects a manuscript and helps to improve it	The student was proud to be the editor of the school newspaper. Meredith’s journalistic knowledge came in handy when he was unexpectedly given the job of editor of The Bulletin. It is undeniable that the magazine has gotten better since Ellis became editor.
67	Population	12	people of a city or country	China has the largest population of any country. The population of the world has increased in every decade. After the recent floods, the population of Honduras was reduced by 10,000.
68	Conflict	11	direct opposition; disagreement	Our opinions about the company’s success in the last decade are in conflict with what the records show. There was a noisy conflict over who was the better tennis player. The class mediation team was invited to settle the conflict.
69	Revive	13	bring back or come back to life or consciousness	There is a movement to revive old plays for modern audiences. The nurses tried to revive the heart attack victim. Committees are trying to revive interest in population control.
70	Pledge	15	promise	Before the grand jury, the sinister gangster pledged to tell the whole truth. Monte was reluctant to pledge his loyalty to his new girlfriend. Pledged to discovering the facts, the journalist began to dig up new evidence for his readers.
71	Opponent	14	person who is on the other side of a fight, game, or discussion; person fighting, struggling or speaking against another	The Russian chess player underestimated his opponent and lost. He was a bitter opponent of costly urban reform. Seeing his flabby opponent, Slugger was sure he would be victorious.
72	Audible	12	able to be heard	From across the room, the teacher’s voice was barely audible. After Len got his new hearing aid, my telephone calls became audible. Commands from Ann’s drill sergeant were always easily audible.
73	Brutal	14	coarse and savage; like a brute; cruel	Dozens of employees quit the job because the boss was brutal to them. The brutal track coach persisted in making the team work out all morning under the hot sun. Swearing to catch the murderer, the detectives revealed that it had been an unusually brutal, violent crime.
74	Identify	13	recognize as being, or show to be, a certain person or thing; prove to be the same	Numerous witnesses identified the butcher as the thief. Mrs. Shaw was able to identify the painting as being hers. With only a quick glimpse, Reggie was able to identify his girlfriend in the crowd.
75	Urgent	12	demanding immediate action or attention; important	An urgent telephone call was made to the company’s treasurer. The principal called an urgent meeting to solve the school’s numerous problems. When he heard the urgent cry for help, the lifeguard did not hesitate.
76	Expand	15	increase in size; enlarge; swell	We will expand our business as soon as we locate a new building. Present laws against people who pollute the air must be expanded. Expanding the comic strips, the editor hoped that more people would buy his paper.
77	Fiction	11	that which is imagined or made up	The story that the President had died was fiction. We hardly ever believed Vinny because what he said was usually fiction. Marge enjoys reading works of fiction rather than true stories.
78	Surpass	16	do better than; be greater than; excel	The machines of the twentieth century surely surpass those of earlier times. Most farmers believe that rural life far surpasses urban living. It is undeniable that a cold lemonade in July cannot be surpassed.
79	Vicious	14	evil; wicked; savage	Liza was unpopular because she was vicious to people she had just met. The vicious editor published false stories about people he disliked. Mr. Voss was reluctant to talk about his vicious pit bull.
80	Casual	15	happening by chance; not planned or expected; not calling attention to itself	As the villain stole the money from the blind man, he walked away in a casual manner. The bartender made a casual remark about the brawl in the backroom. Following a casual meeting on the street, the bachelor renewed his friendship with the widow.
81	Mature	15	ripe; fully grown or developed	I could tell that Mitch was mature from the way he persisted in his work. Only through mature study habits can a person hope to gain knowledge. It is essential that you behave in a mature way in the business world.
82	Accurate	16	exactly right as the result of care or pains	Ushers took an accurate count of the people assembled in the theatre. Emma’s vision was so accurate that she didn’t need glasses. In writing on the topic, Vergil used accurate information.
83	Abolish	12	do away with completely; put an end to	The death penalty has recently been abolished in our state. We abolished numerous laws which didn’t serve any purpose in this decade. My school has abolished final exams altogether.
84	Famine	13	starvation; great shortage	Famine in India caused the death of one-tenth of the population. There has been a famine of good writing in the last decade. The rumor of a famine in Europe was purely fiction.
85	Decrease	12	make or become less	As he kept spending money, the amount he had saved decreased. In order to improve business, the store owner decreased his prices. The landlord promised to decrease our rent.
86	Adequate	12	as much as is needed; fully sufficient	Rover was given an adequate amount of food to last him the whole day. A bedroom, kitchen, and bath were adequate shelter for his living needs. Carlos was adequate at his job but he wasn’t great.
87	Prohibit	12	forbid by law or authority	Elvin’s manager prohibited him from appearing on television. Many homeowners prohibit others from walking on their property. The law prohibits the use of guns to settle a conflict.
88	Journalist	13	one who writes for, edits, manages, or produces a newspaper or magazine	There were four journalists covering the murder story. Barbara’s experience working at a book store wasn’t adequate preparation for becoming a journalist. A journalist must have a comprehensive knowledge of the city where he or she works.
89	Pioneer	15	one who goes first or prepares a way for others	My grandfather was a pioneer in selling wholesale products. England was a pioneer in building large vessels for tourists. In the fourth grade I assembled a picture collection of great American pioneers.
90	Duplicate	14	an exact copy; make an exact copy of; repeat exactly	Elliott tried to deceive Mrs. Held by making a duplicate of my paper. We duplicated the document so that everyone had a copy to study. The so-called expert did a mediocre job of duplicating the Van Gogh painting.
91	Minority	11	smaller number or part; less than half	Only a small minority of the neighborhood didn’t want a new park. A minority of our athletes who competed in the Olympics were victorious. Blacks are a minority group in the United States.
92	Observant	13	quick to notice; watchful	We were observant of the conflict between the husband and his wife. Because Cato was observant, he was able to reveal the thief’s name. Milt used his excellent vision to be observant of everything in his vicinity.
93	Brawl	14	a noisy quarrel or fight	The journalist covered all the details of the brawl in the park. Larry dreaded a brawl with his father over finding a jo What started out as a polite discussion soon became a violent brawl.
94	Hazy	13	misty; smoky; unclear	The vicinity of London is known to be hazy. Factories that pollute the air create hazy weather conditions. Although Cora had a great memory, she was unusually hazy about the details of our meeting on January 16th.
95	Unanimous	15	in complete agreement	The class was unanimous in wanting to eliminate study halls. There has never been an election in our union which was won by a unanimous vote. The Senate, by a unanimous vote, decided to decrease taxes.
96	Revise	15	change; alter; bring up to date	My family revised its weekend plans when the weather turned hazy. The dictionary was revised and then published in a more expensive edition. Under the revised rules, Shane was eliminated from competing.
97	Microscope	16	instrument with a lens for making objects larger so that one can see things more clearly	The students used a microscope to see the miniature insect. When Young Oprah’s birthday came around, her uncle gave her a microscope. Using a microscope, the scientist was able to probe into the habits of germs.
98	Decade	11	ten years	After a decade of granting salary increases, my boss ended the practice. Many people moved out of this city in the last decade. I have a vision that this decade will be better than the last one.
99	Pollute	12	make dirty	The Atlantic Ocean is in danger of becoming polluted. There is much evidence to show that the air we breathe is polluted. It is claimed that soap powders pollute the water we drink.
100	Unruly	14	hard to rule or control; lawless	Unruly behavior is prohibited at the pool. When he persisted in acting unruly, Ralph was fired from his jo His unruly actions were a menace to those who were trying to work.
101	Migrate	13	move from one place to another	The fruit pickers migrated to wherever they could find work. Much of our population is constantly migrating to other areas of the country. My grandfather migrated to New York from Italy in 1919.
102	Urban	12	of or having to do with cities or towns	Many businesses open offices in urban areas. I plan to exchange my urban location for a rural one. Only a small minority of the people of the United States live far from any urban are
103	Ignite	12	set on fire	Spark plugs ignite in an automobile engine. One match can ignite an entire forest. A careless remark helped to ignite the conflict between the brothers and the sisters.
104	Whirling	14	turning or swinging round and round; spinning	The space vessel was whirling around before it landed on earth. As they tried to lift the bulky piano, the movers went whirling across the living room. Because Angelo drank too much, he commenced to feel that everything was whirling around the bar.
105	Underdog	14	person having the worst of any struggle; one who is expected to lose	Minority groups complain about being the underdogs in this century. I always feel sorry for the underdog in a street fight. The Jets were identified as underdogs even though they had beaten the Los Angeles Rams earlier in the season.
106	Bewildered	14	confused completely; puzzled	The lawyer was bewildered by his client’s lack of interest in the case. His partner’s weird actions left Jack bewildered. Bewildered by the sudden hazy weather, he decided not to go to the beach.
107	Innovative	15	fresh; clever; having new ideas	The innovative ads for the candy won many new customers. Everyone in our office praised the boss for his innovative suggestions. Nicole decided to alter her approach and become more innovative.
108	Glance	18	to look at quickly; a quick look	The observant driver glanced at the accident at the side of the road. I took one glance at the wretched animal and turned away. Thompson identified the burglar after a glance at the photograph in the police station.
109	Proper	20	be successful; have good fortune	Howard Hughes owned numerous businesses and most of them prospered. No one should prosper from the misfortunes of his or her friends. The annual report showed that the new business was prospering.
110	Avoid	17	keep away from; keep out of the way of	If you are fortunate, you can avoid people who are trying to deceive you. There was no way to avoid noticing her beautiful green eyes. Avoid getting into a brawl if you can.
111	Mount	10	get up on	Congressman Gingrich mounted the platform to make his speech. The watchman mounted the tower to see if there were any people in the vicinity. My sister couldn’t mount the horse so they gave her a pony instead.
112	Aware	17	knowing; realizing	Donna was aware of her tendency to exaggerate. It was some time before the police became aware of the brawl which was taking place on the street. The only way to gain knowledge is to be aware of everything around you.
113	Rage	9	violent anger; something that arouses intense but brief enthusiasm	Joan’s bad manners sent her mother into a rage. In a fit of rage, Francine broke the valuable glass. The mayor felt a sense of rage about the exaggerations in the press.
114	Century	9	100 years	George Washington lived in the eighteenth century. The United States is more than two centuries old. Many prominent men have been born in this century.
115	Weary	21	tired	I am weary of debating the same topic all day. The farmer grew weary of bringing in the harvest every year for the past forty summers. Let me rest my weary bones here before the march commences.
116	Vision	11	power of seeing; sense of sight	With the aid of the binoculars, my vision improved enough to see the entire vicinity Ted Williams had perfect vision, and that helped to make him a great baseball player. The glasses that lrma bought corrected her near-sighted vision.
117	Conclude	9	end; finish; decide	Most people are happy when they conclude their work for the day. The gloomy day concluded with a thunderstorm. Work on the building could not be concluded until the contract was signed
118	Consent	7	agree; give permission or approval	My teacher consented to let our class leave early. David would not consent to our plan. The majority of our club members consented to raise the dues.
119	Evidence	11	that which makes clear the truth or falsehood of something	Each juror felt he needed more evidence before voting to convict the former football star. Her many awards were evidence enough that Leona excelled in typing. Our teacher ignored the evidence that Simon had cheated on the test.
120	Dread	10	look forward to with fear; fear greatly; causing great fear	The poor student dreaded going to school each morning. He had a dread feeling about the challenge he was about to face. I dread going into that deserted house.
121	Lack	9	be entirely without something; have not enough	Your daily diet should not lack fruits and vegetables. His problem was that he lacked a variety of talents. As an amateur dancer, Vincent knew that he lacked the professional touch.
122	Preserve	7	keep from harm or change; keep safe; protect	The lawyers wanted to preserve the newest reforms in the law. Farmers feel that their rural homes should be preserved. Records of Hank Aaron’s home runs will undoubtedly be preserved in the Baseball Hall of Fame.
123	Appeal	17	attraction; interest; to urge	Anything Jorge could get at wholesale price had a great appeal for him. My boss always appeals to his employees to work swiftly and neatly. I found her clothing designs to be enormously appealing.
124	Deceive	6	make someone believe as true something that is false; mislead	Atlas was deceived about the burden he had to carry. Virginia cried when she learned that her best friend had deceived her. The villain deceived Chief White Cloud by pretending to be his friend.
125	Misfortune	17	bad luck	It was my misfortune that our car wasn’t thoroughly checked before the trip through the desert. Being bitten by the vicious dog was quite a misfortune for Tommy. I had the misfortune of working for a greedy man.
126	Wretched	17	very unsatisfactory; miserable	I feel wretched after a night when I’ve scarcely slept. There was unanimous agreement that we had seen a wretched movie. Toby had wretched luck at the gambling tables.
127	Relieve	21	make less; make easier; reduce the pain of; replace; release; free	The pills relieved the pain from the wound I received in the conflict. A majority of the population wanted to relieve the mayor of his duty. The peace agreement relieved us of the threat of an attack.
128	Neglect	6	give too little care or attention to	The senator neglected to make his annual report to Congress. Bob’s car got dirty when he neglected to keep it polished. It is essential that you do not neglect your homework.
129	Merit	21	goodness; worth; value	There is little merit in lying to those you love. My brother was promoted because of merit, not because of friendship. Do you think the tradition of marriage has any merit?
130	Resist	9	act against; strive against; oppose	Totie could not resist eating the chocolate sundae. Tight security measures resisted Jimmy’s entrance into the bank. Harold resisted the opportunity to poke fun at the weird man.
131	Gloomy	7	dark; dim; in low spirits	My cousin was gloomy because his best friend had moved away. The reason Doris wasn’t popular was that she always had a gloomy appearance. Jones Beach is not so beautiful on a gloomy day.
132	Source	9	place from which something comes or is obtained	The college student knew that he needed more than a basic textbook as a source for his report. The source of Buddy’s trouble was boredom. Professor Smith’s speech was a valid source of information on chemistry
133	Perish	20	be destroyed; die	Unless the plant gets water for its roots to absorb, it will perish. Custer and all his men perished at the Little Big Horn. We are trying to make sure that democracy will never perish from this earth.
134	Quantity	17	amount	I never neglect to carry a small quantity of money with me. Who believes that quantity is better than quality? A large quantity of meat is always stored in our freezer.
135	Absorb	19	take in or suck up (liquids); interest greatly	The sponge absorbed the beer which had leaked from the keg. Our bodies must absorb those things which will nourish them. I became absorbed in what the teacher was saying and did not hear the bell ring.
136	Popular	6	liked by most people	The Beatles wrote many popular songs. At one time mini-skirts were very popular. Popular people often find it hard to evade their many friends.
137	Linger	20	stay on; go slowly as if unwilling to leave	The odor didn’t vanish but lingered on for weeks. Some traditions linger on long after they have lost their meanings. After the campus closed for the summer, some students lingered on, reluctant to go home.
138	Grateful	16	feeling gratitude; thankful	The majority of pupils felt grateful for Mr. Ash’s help. We were grateful that the gloomy weather cleared up on Saturday. In his letter, Waldo told how grateful he was for the loan.
139	Confirm	21	prove to be true or correct; make certain	The way Victor talked back to his mother confirmed that he was defiant. A probe of the criminal’s background confirmed that he had been in jail numerous times. Years of research confirmed the theory that smoking is harmful.
140	Numerous	10	very many; several	Critics review numerous movies every week. Dr. Fischer had resisted accepting money from the poor woman on numerous house calls. The debator used numerous documents to back up his statements.
141	Variety	8	lack of sameness; a number of different things	Eldorado Restaurant serves a wide variety of foods. The show featured a variety of entertainment. He faced unforeseen problems for a variety of reasons.
142	Frequent	11	happening often; occurring repeatedly	We made frequent visits to the hospital to see our grandfather. On frequent occasions Sam fell asleep in class. Dr. Bonner gave me some pills for my frequent headaches.
143	Glimpse	11	a short, quick view	This morning we caught our first glimpse of the beautiful shoreline. One glimpse of the very feminine vision was enough to tell Romeo that he loved Juliet. The tall shrubs kept us from getting a glimpse of the new people who inhabited the beach house.
144	Uneasy	19	restless; disturbed; anxious	Mrs. Spinner was uneasy about letting her son play in the vicinity of the railroad tracks. The treasurer was uneasy about the company’s budget Arnold felt uneasy about the meeting even though he tried to act in a casual manner.
145	Emerge	20	come out; come up; come into view	When the fight was over, the underdog emerged the winner. You have to be nimble to emerge from the narrow opening in five seconds. What emerged from the bottle was a blend of fruit juices.
146	Obvious	8	easily seen or understood; clear to the eye or mind; not to be doubted; plain	It was obvious that the lumberjack was tired after his day’s work. The fact that Darcy was a popular boy was obvious to all. The detective missed the clue because it was too obvious.
147	Security	8	freedom from danger, care, or fear; feeling or condition of being safe	Our janitor likes the security of having all doors locked at night. When the President travels, strict security measures are taken. Pablo wanted to preserve the security of his life style.
148	Solitary	11	alone; single; only	Sid’s solitary manner kept him from making new friendships. There was not a solitary piece of evidence that Manuel had eaten the cheesecake. The convict went into a rage when he was placed in a solitary cell.
149	Calculate	19	find out by adding, subtracting, multiplying, or dividing; figure	The cook had to calculate the number of diners to see whether he could decrease his order for meat. In order to see how expensive the car was, the buyer calculated the tax and other charges. I used an abacus to calculate my average.
150	Tragedy	18	a very sad or trrible happening; a sad play	It was a tragedy that some pioneers were killed on their way west. If you had your choice between seeing a comedy or a tragedy, which play would you choose? Harry’s enormous jealousy led to the tragedy in their family.
151	Horrid	18	terrible; frightful	Janey avoided staring at the horrid man’s face. It is simply horrid the way cars pollute the air we breathe. When Mary was good, she was very good, but when she was bad, she was horrid.
152	Devour	20	eat hungrily; absorb completely; take in greedily	It was a horrid sight to see the lion devour the lam The animal doctor was pleased to see the terrier devour the dog food. My aunt devours four or five mystery books each week.
153	Undoubtedly	6	certainly; beyond doubt	Ray’s team undoubtedly had the best debators in our county. The pilgrims undoubtedly assembled to travel to Rome together. If she didn’t want to get into an argument, Valerie would have followed the majority undoubtedly.
154	Challenge	9	call to a fight	Aaron Burr challenged Alexander Hamilton to a duel. No one bothered to challenge the prominent lawyer. Trying to become a doctor was quite a challenge, Dick discovered.
155	Tendency	10	leaning; movement in a certain direction	My algebra teacher has a tendency to forget the students’ names. His tendency was to work hard in the morning and then to take it easy in the afternoon. The tendency in all human beings is to try to survive.
156	Threat	19	sign or cause of possible evil or harm	There is always the horrid threat that my job will be abolished. It is absurd to think that a tiny bug could be a threat to a person. You can be arrested for making a threat against someone’s life.
157	Harsh	17	rough to the touch, taste, eye, or ear; sharp	The law is harsh on people who go around menacing others. Looking at his cigarette, Phil realized it was absurd to inhale such harsh smoke. Hazel altered her tone of voice from a harsh one to a soft tone.
158	Document	9	something handwritten or printed that gives information or proof of some fact	Newly discovered documents showed that the prisoner was obviously innocent. The documents of ancient Rome have survived many centuries. We were reluctant to destroy important documents.
159	Survive	8	live longer than; remain alive after	It was uncertain whether we would survive the torrent of rain. Some people believe that only the strongest should survive. The space capsule was built to survive a long journey in space.
160	Recent	11	done, made, or occurring not long ago	At a recent meeting, the Board of Education provided the evidence we had been asking for. Bessie liked the old silent movies better than the more recent ones. Recent studies have concluded that more people are working than ever before.
161	Anticipate	21	look forward to; expect	We anticipate a panic if the news is revealed to the publi Harriet anticipated the approach of the mailman with fright. With his weird powers, Lonnie was able to anticipate the ringing of the telephone.
162	Menace	10	threat	Irv’s lack of respect made him a menace to his parents. The torrents of rain were a menace to the farmer’s crops. Sergeant Foy’s raw language was an obvious menace to the reputation of the entire police department.
163	Confident	16	firmly believing; certain; sure	Judge Emery was confident he could solve the conflict. When he lifted the burden, Scotty was confident he could carry it. Annette was confident she would do well as a nurse.
164	Estimate	19	form a judgment or opinion about; guess	J. Foyt estimated that the auto race would commence at nine o’clock. I try to avoid making estimates on things I know nothing about. In your estimate, who will be victorious in this conflict?
165	Captive	20	prisoner	The major was grateful to be released after having been held captive for two years. Until the sheriff got them out, the two boys were held captive in the barn. Placido Domingo can hold an audience captive with his marvelous singing voice.
166	Ignore	9	pay no attention to; disregard	Little Alice realized that if she didn’t behave, her parents would ignore her. The student could not answer the question because he ignored the obvious facts. Older brothers and sisters often feel ignored when their parents only spend time with a new baby.
167	Panic	19	unreasoning fear; fear spreading through a group of people so that they lose control of themselves	The leader of the lost group appealed to them not to panic. When the danger was exaggerated, a few people started to panic. The source of panic in the crowd was a man with a gun.
168	Exaggerate	8	make something greater than it is; overstate	He wasn’t trying to deceive you when he said that his was the best car in the world; he was just exaggerating. The bookkeeper exaggerated her importance to the company. When he said that Shaquille O’Neal was eight feet tall, he was undoubtedly exaggerating.
169	Massive	7	big and heavy; large and solid; bulky	The boss asked some employees to lift the massive box. From lifting weights, Willie had developed massive arm muscles. The main building on the campus was so massive that the new students had trouble finding their way around at first.
170	Appropriate	19	fit; set apart for some special use	At an appropriate time, the chief promised to reveal his plan. The lawn was an appropriate setting for Eileen’s wedding. After some appropriate prayers, the dinner was served.
171	Feminine	10	of women or girls	When my sister wants to look feminine, she changes from dungarees into a dress. Some men cannot resist staring when they see a woman who is especially feminine. My brother is ashamed to cry at a sad movie because people might think he is behaving in a feminine manner.
172	Ingenious	18	having great mental ability; clever	Bernie devised an ingenious plan to cheat on his income tax. Rube Goldberg was a journalist who won fame for his ingenious inventions. The master spy had an ingenious way of passing secrets to the agent.
173	Harvest	19	gathering in of grain or other food crops	This year’s harvest was adequate to feed all our people. The farmer decided to expand his fields so that he would get a bigger harvest. If the harvest is poor, there is always the possibility of a famine.
174	Bachelor	1	a man who has not married	My brother took an oath to remain a bachelor. In the movie, the married man was mistaken for a bachelor. Before the wedding, all his bachelor friends had a party.
175	Torrent	7	any violent, rushing stream; flood	A massive rain was coming down in torrents. In the debate, a torrent of questions was asked. After trying to defraud the public, Lefty was faced with a torrent of charges.
176	Baffle	21	be too hard to understand or solve	How so mediocre a player earned so much money baffled me. The topic of relativity is a baffling one. Sherlock Holmes would undoubtedly have been baffled by the way the crime was committed.
177	Weird	8	mystrious; unearthly	She looked weird with that horrible make-up on her face. Alien felt that weird things were starting to happen when he entered the haunted house. Becky had a weird feeling after swallowing the pills.
178	Client	6	person for whom a lawyer acts; customer	The lawyer told her client that she could predict the outcome of his trial. My uncle tried to get General Motors to be a client of his company. If this restaurant doesn’t improve its service, all its clients will vanish.
179	Cautious	16	very careful; never taking chances	Be cautious when you choose your opponent. Good authors are cautious not to exaggerate when they write. If the rain is falling in torrents, it is best to drive cautiously.
180	Prominent	8	well-known; important	My client is a prominent businessperson. Napoleon is a prominent figure in the history of France. Her violet eyes were the prominent feature of the model’s face.
181	Reckless	18	careless; heedless; wild	We must not ignore reckless drivers; we must take them off the road. After breaking his hand fighting recklessly, Arthur decided to be more cautious in the future. The reckless smoker ignited the entire forest.
182	Thorough	6	being all that is needed; complete	The police made a thorough search of the house after the crime had been reported. My science teacher praised Sandy for doing a thorough job of cleaning up the la Mom decided to spend the day in giving the basement a thorough cleaning.
183	Qualify	1	become fit; show that you are able	I am trying to qualify for the job which is now vacant. Since Pauline can’t carry a tune, she is sure that she will never qualify for the Girls’ Chorus. You have to be over 5'5" to qualify as a policeman in our town.
184	Vicinity	9	region near a place; neighborhood	Living in the vicinity of New York, Jeremy was near many museums. The torrent of rain fell only in our vicinity. We approached the Baltimore vicinity by car.
185	Resent	7	feel injured and angered at (something)	Bertha resented the way her boyfriend treated her. The earthquake victim resented the poor emergency care. Columbus resented the fact that his crew wanted to turn back.
186	Postpone	7	put off to a later time; delay	The young couple wanted to postpone their wedding until they were sure they could handle the burdens of marriage. I neglected to postpone the party because I thought everyone would be able to come. The supermarket’s owner planned to postpone the grand opening until Saturday.
187	Denounce	7	condemn in public; express strong disapproval of	The father denounced his son for lying to the district attorney. Some people denounce the government for probing into their private lives. Ralph Nader, the consumer advocate, denounced the defective products being sold.
188	Transmit	21	send over; pass on; pass along; let through	Garcia’s message was transmitted to the appropriate people. Scientists can now transmit messages from space vessels to earth. Our local radio station does not transmit broadcasts after midnight.
189	Abundant	19	more than enough; very plentiful	It is urgent that the hospital have an abundant supply of blood. An abundant harvest was predicted by the Secretary of Agriculture. In recent years an abundant number of complaints have disturbed the telephone company.
190	Rave	18	talk wildly	Shortly after taking the drug, the addict began to rave and foam at the mouth. Speedy raved that his car had the capacity to reach 120 miles per hour. Sadie was confident that Mr. Stebbe would rave about her essay.
191	Nourish	17	make or keep alive and well, with food; feed; develop an attitude	A diet of nourishing food is served to every hospital patient. It was easy to detect that the skinny boy was not well nourished. After the operation, our doctor plans to nourish my mother with vitamins and good food.
192	Recline	2	lie down; stretch out; lean back	Richard likes to recline in front of the television set. After reclining on her right arm for an hour, Maxine found that it had become num My dog’s greatest pleasure is to recline by the warm fireplace.
193	Circulate	4	go around; go from place to place or person to person	A fan may circulate the air in summer, but it doesn’t cool it. My father circulated among the guests at the party and made them feel comfortable. Hot water circulates through the pipes in the building, keeping the room warm.
194	Victorious	10	having won a victory; conquering	Playing in New Jersey, the Giants were victorious two years in a row. Terry faced the challenge with the bad attitude that he could not be victorious. Our girls’ volleyball squad was victorious over a taller team.
195	Morsel	19	a small bite; mouthful; tiny amount	When Reynaldo went into the restaurant, he pledged to eat every morsel on his plate. Suzanne was reluctant to try even a morsel of the lobster. If you had a morsel of intelligence, you would be uneasy, too.
196	Rural	5	in the country	Tomatoes are less expensive at the rural farm stand. Rural areas are not densely populated. The rural life is much more peaceful than the city one.
197	Amateur	8	person who does something for pleasure, not for money or as a profession	The amateur cross-country runner wanted to be in the Olympics. After his song, Don was told that he wasn’t good enough to be anything but an amateur. Professional golfers resent amateurs who think they are as good as the people who play for money.
198	Plea	21	request; appeal; that which is asked of another	The employees turned in a plea to their boss for higher pay. The President’s plea to release the captives was denied by the enemy. In court today, the judge consented to the lawyer’s plea for a light sentence.
199	Wager	2	bet	I lost a small wager on the Superbowl. After winning the wager, Tex treated everyone to free drinks. It is legal to make a wager in the state of Nevad
200	Reluctant	8	unwilling	It was easy to see that Herman was reluctant to go out and find a jo The patient was reluctant to tell the nurse the whole gloomy truth. I was reluctant to give up the security of family life.
201	Vigor	20	active strength or force	Having a great deal of vigor, Jason was able to excel in all sports. Tom Thumb made up for size by having more vigor than most people. Putting all her vigor into the argument, Patsy persuaded me to let her drive
202	Unique	7	having no like or equal; being the only one of its kind	Going to Africa was a unique experience for us. The inventor developed a unique method of making ice cream. Albie has a unique collection of Israeli stamps.
203	Excel	10	be better than; do better than	Because he was so small, Larry could not excel in sports. At least Hannah had the security of knowing that she excelled in swimming. Clarence Darrow wanted to become a prominent lawyer, but he felt that he must first excel in history.
204	Vapor	4	moisture in the air that can be seen; fog; mist	Scientists have devised methods for trapping vapor in bottles so they can study its make-up. He has gathered data on the amount of vapor rising from the swamp. A vapor trail is the visible stream of moisture left by the engines of a jet flying at high altitudes.
205	Evade	5	get away from by trickery or cleverness	Juan tried to evade the topic by changing the subject. In order to evade the police dragnet, Ernie grew a beard. The prisoner of war evaded questioning by pretending to be sick.
206	Typical	3	usual; of a kind	The sinister character in the movie wore a typical costume, a dark shirt, loud tie, and tight jacket. The horse ran its typical race, a slow start and a slower finish, and my uncle lost his wager. It was typical of the latecomer to conceal the real cause of his lateness.
207	Predict	4	tell beforehand	Weathermen can predict the weather correctly most of the time. Who can predict the winner of the Superbowl this year? Laura thought she could predict what I would do, but she was wrong.
208	Miniature	9	represented on a small scale	The young boy wanted a miniature sports car for his birthday. Instead of buying a massive dog, Teddy got a miniature poodle. We were seeking a miniature model of the bulky chess set.
209	Verify	21	prove to be true; confirm	A “yes man” is an employee who will verify everything the boss says. I was there as a witness to verify the charges against the bus driver. The data I turned in were verified by the clerks in our office.
210	Masculine	10	of man; male	The boy became more masculine as he got older. It is undeniable that his beard makes him look masculine. The girls liked Jerry because of his masculine ways.
211	Ambush	20	a trap in which soldiers or othe enemies hide to make a surprise attack	The ambush became a tragedy for those who attempted it because they were all killed. General Taylor raved about the ingenious ambush he planned. The troops lay in ambush in the dense woods all through the night.
212	Employee	6	a person who works for pay	The employees went on strike for higher wages. My boss had to fire many employees when meat became scarce. Joey wanted to go into business for himself and stop being an employee.
213	Wary	17	on one’s guard against danger or trickery; cautious	Marilyn’s mother told her to be wary of strangers with a gleam in their eye. After Orlando had been the victim of a cheat, he was wary of those who said they wanted to help him. Living in a polluted city makes you wary of the air you breathe.
214	Unaccustomed	1	not used to something	Coming from Alaska, Claude was unaccustomed to Florida’s heat. The king was unaccustomed to having people disobey him. Unaccustomed as he was to exercise, Vic quickly became tired.
215	Crafty	20	skillful in deceiving others; sly; tricky	His crafty mind prepared a comprehensive plan to defraud his partners. Leo didn’t use brutal strength against his opponents, but he used his crafty bag of tricks to beat them. The Indians did not fail for the crafty ambush.
216	Defiant	20	openly resisting; challenging	“I refuse to be manipulated” the defiant young woman told her father. Professor Carlyle was defiant of any attempt to disprove his theory. Defiant of everyone, the addict refused to be helped.
217	Wholesale	3	in large quantity; less than retail in price	The wholesale price of milk is six cents a quart lower than retail. Many people were angered by the wholesale slaughter of birds. By buying my ties wholesale I save fifteen dollars a year.
218	Nimble	18	active and sure-footed; quick moving; light and quick	Although Dusty was a miniature poodle, he was nimble enough to fight bigger dogs. The nimble policeman leaped over the fence to pursue the car thief. At his press conference, the commissioner was quite nimble in avoiding the difficult questions.
219	Fragile	20	easily broken, damaged, or destroyed; delicate	The expensive glassware is very fragile. Things made out of plywood have a tendency to be fragile. On the box was a label which read, “Fragile! Handle with care!"
220	Probe	5	search into; examine thoroughly; investigate	The lawyer probed the man’s mind to see if he was innocent. After probing the scientist’s theory, we proved it was correct. King Henry’s actions were carefully probed by the noblemen.
221	Pedestrian	18	person who goes on foot; walker	After driving a bus all day, Norris liked to be a pedestrian and take long, casual walks in the evening. The police say it is urgent that pedestrians stay on the sidewalk. I don’t doubt that a pedestrian can get places faster than a car in downtown traffi
222	Compete	10	try hard to get something wanted by others; be a rival	Steffi Graf was challenged to compete for the tennis title. The runner was reluctant to compete in front of his parents for the first time. When the amateur became a pro, he had to compete against better men.
223	Comprehensive	6	including much; covering completely	After a comprehensive exam, my doctor said I was in good condition. The engineer gave our house a thorough, comprehensive check-up before my father bought it. Mrs. Silver wanted us to do a comprehensive study of Edgar Allan Poe.
224	Unforeseen	7	not known beforehand; unexpected	We had some unforeseen problems with the new engine. The probe into the Congressman’s finances turned up some unforeseen difficulties. The divers faced unforeseen trouble in their search for the wreck.
225	Eliminate	4	get rid of; remove; omit	When the railroad tracks are raised, the danger of crossing will be eliminated. When figuring the cost of a car, don’t eliminate such extras as air conditioning. If we were to eliminate all reclining chairs, no one would fall asleep while watching television.
226	Bulky	8	taking up much space; large	Charley and Morty removed the bulky package from the car. The massive desk was quite bulky and impossible to carry. His client wanted an item that wasn’t so bulky, Olsen told us.
227	Economical	18	not wasting money or time	I find it economical to shop in the large supermarkets. Marissa was praised for her economical management of the budget. The President made Congress aware of the need to be more economical.
228	Dilemma	21	situation requiring a choice between two evils; a difficult choice	It is sensible not to panic in the face of a dilemma. Lottie faced the dilemma of whether to approve of the operation or not. In The Lady or the Tiger, the hero had the dilemma of which door to open.
229	Minimum	3	the least possible amount; the lowest amount	Studies show that adults need a minimum of six hours sleep. The minimum charge for a telephone, even if no calls are made, is about nine dollars a month. Congress has set a minimum wage for all workers.
230	Utilize	4	make use of	No one seems willing to utilize this vacant house. The gardener was eager to utilize different flowers and blend them in order to beautify the borders. Does your mother utilize leftovers in her cooking?
231	Valid	8	supported by facts or authority; sound; true	The witness neglected to give valid answers to the judge’s questions. Rita had valid reasons for denouncing her father’s way of life. When Dave presented valid working papers, the foreman consented to hiring him immediately.
232	Keg	17	small barrel, usually holding less than ten gallons	The corner saloon uses numerous kegs of beer on a Saturday night. Get a keg of nails, the carpenter shouted at me, It is obvious to me that the situation is filled with peril, a real powder keg if I ever saw one.
233	Ban	19	prohibit; forbid	The group unanimously voted to ban all people who were under six feet. Health officials are trying to expand their field in order to ban cigarette advertising from newspapers and magazines. I want to ban all outsiders from our discussion on security.
234	Molest	7	interfere with and trouble; disturb	My neighbor was molested when walking home from the subway. The gang did a thorough job of molesting the people in the park. Lifeguards warned the man not to molest any of the swimmers.
235	Undeniable	9	not to be denied; cannot be questioned	The jury concluded that the teenagers were undeniably guilty. It is undeniable that most professionals can beat any amateur. That Leon resented Rita’s good marks in school was undeniable.
236	Flexible	10	easily bent; willing to yield	The toy was flexible, and the baby could bend it easily. Remaining flexible, Nick listened to arguments from both sides. A mouse’s flexible body allows it to squeeze through narrow openings.
237	Addict	17	one who cannot break away from a habit or practice; addicted unable to break a habit	Because he was a heroin addict, it was essential for Carlos to get the drug each day. Marcia became flabby because she was addicted to ice cream sodas. Those who take aspirins and other pain-killers regularly should realize that they may become drug addicts, too.
238	Frigid	2	very cold	It was a great hardship for the men to live through the frigid winter at Valley Forge. The jealous bachelor was treated in a frigid manner by his girlfriend Inside the butcher’s freezer the temperature was frigid.
239	Campus	5	grounds of a college, university, or school	The campus was designed to utilize all of the college’s buildings. Jeff moved off campus when he decided it was cheaper to live at home. I chose to go to Penn State because it has a beautiful campus.
240	Budget	18	estimate of the amount of money that can be spent for different purposes in a given time	We had to decrease the budget this year because our club is broke. The prominent executive presented her budget to the Board of Directors. When my mother draws up her budget for the week, she sets aside a goodly sum for nourishing food.
241	Humid	4	moist; damp	It was so humid in our classroom that we wished the school would buy an air conditioner. New Yorkers usually complain in the summer of the humid air. Most people believe that ocean air is quite humid.
242	Defraud	6	take money, rights, etc., away by cheating	My aunt saved thousands of dollars by defrauding the government. If we could eliminate losses from people who defraud the government, tax rates could be lowered. By defrauding his friend, Dexter ruined a family tradition of honesty.
243	Collide	21	come together with force	When the two autos collided, the people in the fragile smaller car perished. Committees are exploring ways of keeping cars from colliding. In my estimate the two bicycles collided at five o’clock.
244	Detour	21	a roundabout way	Pop was uneasy about taking the detour in this strange town. In order to evade city traffic, Anthony took a detour. The detour took us ten miles off our course.
245	Manipulate	18	handle or treat skillfully	Scientists must know how to manipulate their microscopes. While Mr. Baird manipulated the puppets, Fran spoke to the audience. The wounded pilot manipulated the radio dial until he made contact.
246	Quota	19	share of a total due from or to a particular state, district, person, etc.	The company revealed a quota of jobs reserved for college students. There was a quota placed on the number of people who could migrate here from Chin Lieutenant Dugan doubted that a quota had been placed on the number of parking tickets each police officer was supposed to give out.
247	Mediocre	8	neither good nor bad; average; ordinary	After reading my composition, Mrs. Evans remarked that it was mediocre and that I could do better. Howard was a mediocre scientist who never made any unique discoveries. The movie wasn’t a great one; it was only mediocre.
248	Underestimate	10	set too low a value, amount, or rate	I admit that I underestimated the power in the bulky fighter’s frame. Undoubtedly the boss underestimated his employee’s ability to work hard. The value of our house was underestimated by at least two thousand dollars.
249	Capsule	7	a small case or covering	The small capsule contained notes the spy had written after the meeting. A new, untested medicine was detected in the capsule by the police scientists. He explored the space capsule for special equipment.
250	Lubricate	18	make (machinary) smooth and easy to work by putting on oil, grease, or a similar substance	The bulky wheels of a railroad train must be lubricated each week. A large quantity of grease is needed to lubricate an airplane engine. When a watch is lubricated, it keeps more accurate time.
251	Opt	17	choose or favor; select	If you give me an ice cream choice, I’ll opt for chocolate. Our cheerleaders plan to opt for new sweaters. On Friday, three of my buddies will opt to go into the navy.
252	Jagged	20	with sharp points sticking out; unevenly cut or torn	Being reckless, Rudy didn’t watch out for the jagged steel. It’s an enormous job to smooth the jagged edge of a fence. Leslie’s hair was so jagged it was scarcely possible to tell that it had just been cut.
253	Possible	26	able to be, be done, or happen; able to be true; able to be done or chosen properly	Call me tomorrow evening if possible. It is now possible for man to walk on the moon. Considering Melissa’s weakness in writing, it is not possible for her to help you with your composition.
254	Consider	24	think about in order to decide	Jon considered whether a comprehensive report was necessary. Do you consider that dress to be a bargain at the wholesale price? The wrestler was always considered to be the underdog in every match.
255	Proceed	23	go on after having stopped; move forward	Only those with special cards can proceed into the pool are When the actor was late, the show proceeded without him. The senator proceeded to denounce those wholesalers who would deprive Americans of their quota of beef.
256	Quarter	30	region; section; (quarters) a place to live; to provide a place to live	The large family was unaccustomed to such small quarters. Ellen moved to the French Quarter of our city. The city quartered the paupers in an old school.
257	Utter	26	speak; make known; express	This toy should pacify that screaming baby. We tried to pacify the woman who was angry at having to wait so long in line. Soldiers were sent to pacify the countryside.
258	Cease	27	stop	Cease trying to do more than you can. The whispering in the audience ceased when the curtain went up. When you cease making war, you can then begin to pacify the small villages which the enemy controls.
259	Event	35	happening; important happening; result or outcome; one item in a program of sports	The greatest event in Ellie’s life was winning the $50,000 lottery. We chose our seat carefully and then awaited the shot-put event. There is merit in gaining wisdom even after the event.
260	Justice	22	just conduct; fair dealing	Daniel Webster abandoned any hope for justice once he saw the jury. Our pledge to the flag refers to “liberty and justice for all." The warden acknowledged that justice had not been served in my case.
261	Obtain	35	get; be in use	An adolescent is finding it increasingly difficult to obtain a good job without a diplom David obtained accurate information about college from his guidance counselor. Because this is a coeducational school, different rules obtain here.
262	Vain	29	having too much pride in one’s ability, looks, etc.; of no use	Josephine is quite vain about her beauty. To be perfectly frank, I do not see what she has to be vain about. Brian made numerous vain attempts to reach the doctor by telephone.
263	Authority	24	the right to command or enforce obedience; power delegated to another; an author or volume that may be appealed to in support of an action or belief	No one should have the authority to dictate our career choice. Today a monarch does not have the authority he once enjoyed. The Supreme Court is entrusted with the authority to interpret our Constitution.
264	Depart	39	go away; leave; turn away (from); change; die	We arrived in the village in the morning and departed that night. Stan was vague about departing from his usual manner of choosing a partner. Vera was reluctant to mention that her uncle had long since departed.
265	Provide	32	to supply; to state as a condition; to prepare for or against some situation	The monarch referred to his knights’ loyalty with pride. Nothing is so important to transmit to the youth as the sacredness of loyalty to one’s country. Out of a sense of loyalty to his friends, Michael was willing to suffer torments, and he, therefore, refused to identify his colleagues in the plot.
266	Vague	35	not definite; not clear; not distinct	Joe’s position was vague because he wanted to remain neutral in the dispute. When asked her opinion, Gladys was tactful enough to give a vague answer that did not hurt anyone. The vague shape in the distance proved to be nothing more weird than a group of trees.
267	Resume	36	begin again; go on; take again	Resume reading where we left off. Those standing may resume their seats. The violinist resumed playing after the intermission.
268	Insist	28	keep firmly to some demand, statement, or position	Mother insists that we do our homework before we start the long telephone conversations. She insisted that Sal was not jealous of his twin brother. The doctor insisted that Marian get plenty of rest after the operation.
269	Guide	26	a person who shows the way; to direct; to manage	Foam will quench an oil fire. Only Pepsi Cola will quench my thirst on such a hot day. He reads and reads and reads to quench his thirst for knowledge.
270	Relate	35	tell; give an account of; connect in thought or meaning	The traveler related his adventures with some exaggeration. After viewing the cinema’s latest show, the observant student was able to relate every detail. Would you say that misfortune is related to carelessness?
271	Venture	26	a daring undertaking; an attempt to make money by making business risks; to dare; to expose to risk	The towering mountains, covered with snow, are an awesome sight. Connie had such an awesome amount of work to complete before graduation she doubted she would have everything ready in time. The atom bomb is an awesome achievement for mankind.
272	Distress	32	great pain or sorrow; misfortune; dangerous or difficult situation; to cause pain or make unhappy	The family was in great distress over the accident that maimed Kenny. My teacher was distressed by the dismal performance of our class on the final examination. Long, unscheduled delays at the station cause distress to commuters.
273	Maintain	42	keep; keep on; carry on; uphold; support; declare to be true	Angelo maintained his hold on the jagged rock though his fingers were becoming num The judge maintained his opinion that the verdict was fair. The pauper was unable to maintain his family without the help of charity.
274	Endure	42	last; keep on; undergo; bear; stand	How can you endure such disrespect? The valiant officer endured much pain. Dr. Hardy was confident he could endure the hardships of space travel.
275	Flee	32	run away; go quickly	The fleeing outlaws were pursued by the police. One could clearly see the clouds fleeing before the wind. The majority of students understand that they cannot flee from their responsibilities.
276	Unite	27	join together; become one	The thirteen colonies united to form one country. Matrimony united two famous Virginia families. America and Russia were united against a common enemy in World War 11.
277	Compel	26	force; get by force	It is not possible to compel a person to love his fellow man. Heavy floods compelled us to stop. Mr. Gorlin is a teacher who does not have to compel me to behave.
278	Betray	26	give away to the enemy; be unfaithful; mislead; show	When Violet accidentally stepped on the nail, she uttered a sharp cry of pain. Seth was surprised when he was told that he had uttered Joan’s name in his sleep. When Mr. Fuller saw that his house had not been damaged in the fire, he uttered a sigh of relief.
279	Embrace	23	hug one another; a hug	After having been rivals for years, the two men embraced. When Ellen’s spouse approached, she slipped out of Doug’s embrace. The young girl was bewildered when the stranger embraced her.
280	Trifle	24	a small amount; little bit; something of little value	I ate a trifle for dinner rather than a vast meal. Waiter spends only a trifle of his time in studying French. At our meetings Alex always raises trifling objections to any new plan.
281	Abroad	25	outside one’s country; going around; far and wide	More people are going abroad for vacations. Is there any truth to the rumor abroad that school will be open all summer? The news of the President’s illness spread abroad.
282	Refer	32	hand over; send, direct, or turn for information, help, or action; (refer to) direct attention to or speak about; assign to or think of as caused by	Let us refer the dispute to the dean. Our teacher referred us to the dictionary for the meanings of the difficult words in the novel. The speaker referred to a verse in the Bible to support his theory.
283	Forbid	23	order someone not to do something; make a rule against	Spitting on the floor is forbidden in public places. The law forbids drunken drivers to handle their autos. I forbid you to enter the dense jungle because of the peril which awaits you there.
284	Acknowledge	22	admit to be true	The experts reluctantly acknowledged that their estimate of food costs was not accurate. District Attorney Hogan got the man to acknowledge that he had lied in court. “I hate living alone,” the bachelor acknowledged.
285	Fierce	24	savage; wild	Barry was so fiercely angry that he thrust his hand through the glass. One must take appropriate precautions when approaching fierce dogs. He took one look at his fierce opponent and ran.
286	Appoint	30	decide on; set a time or place; choose for a position; equip or furnish	The library was appointed as the best place for the urgent meeting. Though Mr. Thompson was appointed to a high position, he did not neglect his old friends. The occupant of the well-appointed guest room considered himself quite fortunate.
287	Final	29	coming last; deciding	The final week of the term is rapidly approaching. Jose was commended for his improvement in the final test. The final censor of our actions is our own conscience.
288	Attract	30	draw to oneself; win the attention and liking of	The magnet attracted the iron particles. Adventure was the thrill which attracted the famous mountain climber to the jagged peak. A glimpse into the brightly colored room attracted the children’s attention.
289	Mortal	30	sure to die sometime; pertaining to man; deadly; pertaining to or causing death	We must live with the knowledge that all living creatures are mortal. His rash venture brought him to a mortal illness. The two monarchs were mortal enemies.
290	Encourage	24	give courage to; increase the confidence of	We encouraged the coach to devise a plan for beating Jefferson High. Some unstable persons need to be encouraged to find a vocation. A valiant person rarely needs to be encouraged.
291	Abide	37	accept and follow out; remain faithful to; dwell; endure	Because of the drought, some farmers began to migrate to more fertile regions. In time of drought, the crops become scorched. As the drought wore on, people began to grumble against those who had squandered water when it was more plentiful.
292	Kneel	38	go down on one’s knees; remain on the knees	Myra knelt down to pull a weed from the drenched flower bed. The condemned man knelt before the monarch and pleaded for mercy. Kneeling over the still figure, the lifeguard tried to revive him.
293	Expose	42	lay open; uncover; leave unprotected; show openly	Soldiers in an open field are exposed to the enemy’s gunfire. Foolish actions expose a person to the sneers of others. The article exposed the vital document as a forgery.
294	Exhaust	27	empty completely; use up; tire out	To exhaust the city’s water supply would be a calamity The long climb to the top of the mountain exhausted our strength. It we continue to squander our money recklessly, our treasury will soon be exhausted.
295	Confine	31	keep in; hold in	The fugitive was caught and confined to jail for another two years. A virus that was circulating in the area confined AI to his house. Polio confined President Roosevelt to a wheelchair.
296	Torment	32	cause very great pain to; worry or annoy very much; cause of very great pain; very great pain	Persistent headaches tormented him. The illustrations in our history text show the torments suffered by the victims of the French Revolution. The logical way to end the torment of doubt over the examination is to spend adequate time in study.
297	Rapid	27	very quick; swift	We took a rapid walk around the camp before breakfast. If you work rapidly ,you can complete the test in twenty minutes. The response to the surprise attack was a rapid retreat.
298	Idle	31	not doing anything; not busy; lazy; without any good reason or cause; to waste (time)	Any attempt to study was abandoned by the student, who idled away the morning. The idle hours of a holiday frequently provide the best time to take stock. Do not deceive yourself into thinking that these are just idle rumors.
299	Retain	33	keep; remember; employ by payment of a fee	Despite her lack of funds, Mrs. Reilly retained a detective to follow her spouse. China dishes have the unique quality of retaining heat longer than metal pans. Like the majority of people, I can retain the tune but not the words of a song.
300	Toil	29	hard work; to work hard; move with difficulty	The feeble old man toiled up the hill. After years of toil, scientists disclosed that they had made progress in controlling the dreaded disease. Despite all his toil, Fred never succeeded in reaching his goal.
301	Jolly	33	merry; full of fun	The jolly old man, an admitted bigamist, had forgotten to mention his first wife to his new spouse. When the jolly laughter subsided, the pirates began the serious business of dividing the gold. Are you aware that a red-suited gentleman with a jolly twinkle in his eyes is stuck in the chimney?
302	Verse	30	a short division of a chapter in the Bible; a single line or a group of lines of poetry	The verse from the Bible which my father quoted most frequently was, “Love thy neighbor as thyself." Several verses of a religious nature were contained in the document. Though it is not always easy to comprehend, Shakespeare’s verse has merit that is worth the toil.
303	Precede	34	go before; come before; be higher in rank or importance	Lyndon Johnson preceded Richard Nixon as President. In a gallant gesture, Ronnie allowed Amanda’s name to precede his in the program listing. A prominent speaker preceded the ceremony of the granting of the diplomas.
304	Envy	25	jealousy; the object of jealousy; to feel jealous	Marilyn’s selection as Prom Queen made her the envy of every senior. My parents taught me not to envy anyone else’s wealth. Our envy of Nora’s skating ability is foolish because with practice all of us could do as well.
305	Abuse	33	make bad use of; use wrongly; treat badly; scold very severely; bad or wrong use; bad treatment	Those who abuse the privileges of the honor system will be penalized. The editor apologized for the abuse we had suffered as a result of his article. Brutal abuse of children in the orphanage was disclosed by the investigation.
306	Dispute	31	disagree; oppose; try to win; a debate or disagreement	Chicks hatch from fertile eggs. The loss of their fertile lands threw the farmers into a pani A fertile mind need never be uneasy about finding life uneventful.
307	Jest	31	joke; fun; mockery; thing to be laughed at; to jock; poke fun	Though he spoke in jest, Mark was undoubtedly giving us a message. Do not jest about matters of morality. In some quarters, honesty and hard work have become subjects of jest.
308	Multitude	41	a great number; a crowd	A multitude of letters kept pouring in to the movie idol. The fleeing culprit was pursued by a fierce multitude. Flood victims were aided by a multitude of volunteers.
309	Feeble	27	weak	We heard a feeble cry from the exhausted child. The guide made a feeble attempt to explain why he had taken the wrong turn. The feeble old man collapsed on the sidewalk.
310	indifference	41	lack of interest, care, or attention	Alien’s indifference to his schoolwork worried his parents. It was a matter of indifference to Bernie whether the story circulating about his engagement was true or not. My father could not refrain from commenting on Linda’s indifference toward her brother’s tears.
311	Comprehend	29	understand	If you can use a word correctly, there is a good chance that you comprehend it. You need not be a pauper to comprehend fully what hunger is. My parents say that they cannot comprehend today’s musi
312	Charity	38	generous giving to the poor; institutions for helping the sick, the poor, or the helpless; kindness in judging people’s faults	A free hospital is a noble charity. The entire community is the beneficiary of Henry’s charity. The hired hand was too proud to accept help or charity.
313	Exhibit	23	display; show	A million-dollar microscope is now on exhibit at our school. The bride and groom exhibited their many expensive gifts. Kim frequently exhibited her vast knowledge of baseball before complete strangers.
314	Novel	30	new; strange; a long story with characters and plot	The architect created a novel design which pleased everyone. The novel plan caused some unforeseen problems. Robert was commended by his teacher for the excellent report on the American novel, The Grapes of Wrath.
315	Prejudice	33	an opinion formed without taking time and care to judge fairly; to harm or injure	Prejudice against minority groups will linger on as long as people ignore the facts. Eliminating prejudice should be among the first concerns of a democracy. The witness’s weird behavior prejudiced Nancy’s case.
316	Wrath	42	very great anger; rage	Anticipating Father’s wrath, we tried to give him the news slowly. There is no rage like the wrath of an angry bear. After Ernie’s wrath subsided, we were able to tell him what had happened.
317	Deprive	22	take away from by force	The poor man was deprived of a variety of things that money could buy. We were deprived of a good harvest because of the lack of rain. Living in a rural area, Betsy was deprived of concerts and plays.
318	Vein	31	mood; a blood vessel that carries blood to the heart; a crack or seam in a rock filled with a different mineral	Only a lunatic would willingly descend into the monster’s cave. Certain lunatic ideas persist even though they have been rejected by all logical minds. My roommate has some lunatic ideas about changing the world.
319	Lecture	33	speech or planned talk; a scolding; to scold	Rarely have I heard a lecture with such clear illustrations. Henry’s father lectured him on the awesome perils of drug addiction. A famous journalist delivered a lecture on prejudice in the press.
320	Mourn	29	grieve; feel or show sorrow for	Sandra did not cease to mourn her lost friend. The entire city mourned for the people lost in the calamity. We need not mourn over trifles.
321	Respond	26	answer; react	Jack beckoned to me to follow him. The delicious smell of fresh bread beckoned the hungry boy. The sea beckons us to adventure.
322	Soothe	36	quiet; calm; comfort	With an embrace, the mother soothed the hurt child. Heat soothes some aches; cold soothes others. Rosalie’s nerves were soothed by the soft musi
323	Traitor	37	person who betrays his or her country, a friend, duty, etc.	The bank keeps a large surplus of money in reserve. Surplus wheat, cotton, and soybeans are shipped abroad. No mortal ever considers that he has a surplus of good things.
324	Heed	37	give careful attention to; take notice of; careful attention	We estimated the summit of the mountain to be twenty thousand feet. Do not underestimate Ruth’s ambition to reach the summit of the acting profession. The summit meeting of world leaders diminished the threat of war.
325	Reject	22	refuse to take, use, believe, consider, grant, etc.	When Sylvester tried to join the army, he was hoping the doctors would not reject him because of his eyesight. The reform bill was unanimously rejected by Congress. When his promotion was rejected by the newspaper owner, the editor was thoroughly bewildered.
326	Awkward	26	clumsy; not well-suited to use; not easily managed; embarrassing	Ulysses was a man who would not reject any venture, no matter how dangerous. John Jacob Astor made his fortune by a lucky venture in animal furs. Medics venture their lives to save wounded soldiers.
327	Heir	37	person who has a right to someone’s property after that one dies; person who inherits anything	Though Mr. Sloane is the heir to a gold mine, he lives like a miser. The monarch died before he could name an heir to the throne. It is essential that we locate the rightful heir at once.
328	Quote	30	repeat exactly the words of another or a passage from a book; that is, something that is repeated exactly; give the price of; a quotation	She often quotes her spouse to prove a point. The stockbroker quoted gold at a dollar off yesterday’s closing price. Biblical quotes offer a unique opportunity for study.
329	Hinder	33	hold back; make hard to do	Deep mud hindered travel in urban centers. The storm hindered the pursuit of the fleeing prisoners. Mona’s gloomy nature hinders her relationships with other people.
330	Precaution	23	measures taken beforehand; foresight	Detectives used precaution before entering the bomb’s vicinity. We must take every precaution not to pollute the air. Before igniting the fire, the hunters took unusual precaution.
331	Prompt	36	quick; on time; done at once; to cause (someone) to do something; remind (someone) of the words or actions needed	Be prompt in assembling your baggage. Terry’s caution prompted him to ask many questions before he consented. Larry was confident he knew his lines well enough not to need any prompting.
332	Summit	37	highest point; top	The novel traces the developments that unified the family. After the Civil War, our country became unified more strongly. It takes a great deal of training to unify all these recruits into an efficient fighting machine.
333	Despite	27	in spite of	The player continued in the game despite his injuries. Despite his size, Ted put up a good fight. We won the game by a shutout despite the fact that our team got only three hits.
334	Signify	32	mean; be a sign of; make known by signs, words, or actions; have importance	Oh! signifies surprise. A gift of such value signifies more than a casual relationship. The word “fragile” stamped on a carton signifies that it must be handled with caution.
335	Obstacle	40	anything that gets in the way or hinders; impediment; obstruction	The soldiers were compelled to get over such obstacles as ditches and barbed wire. Ignorance is an obstacle to progress. Prejudice is often an obstacle to harmony among people.
336	Resign	42	give up; yield; submit	Vito resigned his position as editor of the school paper. Upon hearing the news of the defeat, the football coach promptly resigned. Upon examining the injury, the chiropractor told Jim he had better resign himself to a week in bed.
337	Rarely	23	seldom; not often	You rarely hear adults raving about a movie they just saw. People are rarely frank with each other. I rarely attend the annual meetings of our family circle.
338	Diminish	32	make or become smaller in size, amount or importance	The excessive heat diminished as the sun went down. Our diminishing supply of food was carefully wrapped and placed with the baggage. The latest news from the battlefront confirms the report of diminishing military activity.
339	Harmony	36	situation of getting on well together or going well together; sweet or musical sound	We hoped the incident would not disrupt the harmony that existed between the brothers. I am sympathetic to Warren because his plans are in harmony with mine. We responded to the harmony of the song by humming along.
340	Wail	24	cry loud and long because of grief or pain	When tragedy struck, the old people began to wail. In some countries the women are expected to wail loudly after their husbands die. When the Yankees lost the World Series, there was much wailing in New York.
341	Shrill	33	having a high pitch; high and sharp in sound; piercing	Despite their small size, crickets make very shrill noises. The shrill whistle of the policeman was warning enough for the fugitive to stop in his tracks. A shrill torrent of insults poured from the mouth of the shrieking woman.
342	Swarm	38	group of insects flying or moving about together; crowd or great number; to fly or move about in great numbers	As darkness approached, the swarms of children playing in the park dwindled to a handful. The mosquitoes swarmed out of the swamp. Our campus swarmed with new students in September.
343	Sneer	24	show scorn or contempt by looks or words; a scornful look or remark	The journalists were cautious about sneering at the Secretary of Defense. “Wipe that sneer off your face!” the dean told the delinquent. When offered a dime as a tip, the taxi driver sneered at his rider.
344	Sensitive	34	receiving impressions readily; easily affected or influenced; easily hurt or offended	The eye is sensitive to light. From the experiment we may conclude that mercury in a thermometer is sensitive to changes in temperature. James is sensitive about his wretched handwriting.
345	Refrain	36	hold back	Refrain from making hasty promises. Milo could not refrain from laughing at the jest. If you want to be heard, you must refrain from mumbling.
346	Ponder	42	consider carefully	Not wishing to act hastily, the governor pondered the problem for days. After pondering the question, the board decided to grant the parole. The villagers, faced with a famine, pondered their next move.
347	Tyrant	38	cruel or unjust ruler; cruel master; absolute ruler	Some tyrants of Greek cities were mild and fair rulers. The tyrant demanded loyalty and obedience from his subjects. Though Ella was a tyrant as director of the play, the whole cast was grateful to her when the final curtain came down.
348	Extract	23	pull out or draw out, usually with some effort	Dr. Fogel extracted my tooth in an amateur fashion. Chemists extracted the essential vitamins from the grain. Spencer was ingenious in extracting information from witnesses.
349	Legend	42	story coming from the past, which many people have believed; what is written on a coin or below a picture	Stories about King Arthur and his knights are popular legends. Legend has exaggerated the size of Paul Bunyan. The legend on the rare coin was scarcely legible.
350	Tempest	36	violent storm with much wind; a violent disturbance	The tempest drove the ship on the rocks. Following the weather report of the approaching tempest, we were prompted to seek immediate shelter. When Mr. Couche saw that a tempest was brewing over the issue, he hastily called a meeting.
351	Valiant	23	brave; courageous	Robin Hood was valiant and faced his opponents without fear. The valiant paratroopers led the invasion. Grandma Joad had the ability to be valiant when the need arose.
352	Monarch	27	king or queen; ruler	There are few modern nations which are governed by monarchs. The monarchs of ancient Rome considered themselves descendants of the gods. Men sometimes believe that they are monarchs in their own homes.
353	Mute	33	silent; unable to speak	The usually defiant child stood mute before the principal. People are no longer willing to remain mute on the subject of abuse of gun control. The horror of the famine left the inhabitants of the land mute with their tragic memories.
354	Disaster	28	an event that causes much suffering or loss; a great misfortune	The hurricane’s violent winds brought disaster to the coastal town. The San Francisco earthquake and the Chicago fire are two of the greatest disasters in American history. The coach considered the captain’s injury a disaster for the team.
355	Disclose	28	uncover; make known	The lifting of the curtain disclosed a beautiful winter scene. This letter discloses the source of his fortune. Samson, reclining in the arms of Delilah, disclosed that the secret of his strength was in his long hair.
356	Hasty	36	quick; hurried; not well thought out	A hasty glance convinced him that he was being followed. Rather than make a hasty decision, Mr. Torres rejected the offer. Myra apologized for the hasty visit.
357	Tumult	38	noise; uproar; violent disturbance or disorder	The sailors’ voices were too feeble to be heard above the tumult of the storm. There was such a tumult in the halls we concluded an accident had occurred. The dreaded cry of “Fire!” caused a tumult in the theater.
358	Deliberate	37	to consider carefully; intended; done on purpose; slow and careful, as though allowing time to decide what to do	The patriot sneered when asked to stand on the same platform with the man who was accused of being a traitor. No villain is worse than a traitor who betrays his country. Do not call him a traitor unless you can verify the charge.
359	Symbol	24	something that stands for or represents something else	The statue outside the court building is considered a symbol of justice. Symbols for God are prohibited in the Jewish religion. An olive branch is a symbol of peace.
360	Fugitive	25	a runaway	Paul was a fugitive from the slums, abandoned by all his friends. After escaping from prison, Tom led an unhappy life as a fugitive from the law. The fugitives from the unsuccessful revolution were captured.
361	Blunder	29	stupid mistake; to make a stupid mistake; stumble; say clumsily	The exhausted boy blundered through the woods. Sert’s awkward apology could not make up for his serious blunder. The general’s blunder forced his army to a rapid retreat.
362	Morality	30	the right or wrong of an action; virtue; a set of rules or principles of conduct	The editor spoke on the morality of bugging the quarters of a political opponent. We rarely consider the morality of our daily actions ,though that should occupy a high position in our thinking. Kenny’s unruly behavior has nothing to do with his lack of morality.
363	Customary	39	usual	It was customary for wealthy Romans to recline while they were dining. The Robin Williams movie received the customary rave reviews from the critics. The traitor rejected the customary blindfold for the execution.
364	Commend	29	praise; hand over for safekeeping	Everyone commended the mayor’s thrifty suggestion. Florence commended the baby to her aunt’s care. The truth is that we all like to be commended for good work.
365	Calamity	25	a great misfortune; serious trouble	Failure in one test should not be regarded as a calamity. The death of her husband was a calamity which left Mrs. Marlowe numb What is more dismal than one calamity following upon the heels of another?
366	Elevate	35	raise; lift up	Private Carbo was elevated to higher rank for his valor. Reading a variety of good books elevates the mind. The candidate spoke from an elevated platform.
367	Sympathetic	36	having or showing kind feelings toward others; approving; enjoying the same things and getting along well together	Judge Cruz was sympathetic to the lawyer’s plea for mercy. Father was fortunately sympathetic to my request to use the car on weekends. We were all sympathetic to Suzanne over her recent misfortune.
368	Collapse	25	a breakdown; to fall in; break down; fail suddenly; fold together	A heavy flood caused the bridge to collapse. His failure in chemistry meant the collapse of Bob’s summer plans. Collapse the trays and store them in the closet.
369	Beckon	26	signal by a motion of the hand or head; attract	Sally is very awkward in speaking to the class but quite relaxed with her own group of friends. The handle of this bulky suitcase has an awkward shape. Slow down because this is an awkward corner to turn.
370	Colleague	32	associate; fellow worker	The captain gave credit for the victory to his valiant colleagues. Who would have predicted that our pedestrian colleague would one day win the Nobel Prize for Medicine? We must rescue our colleagues from their wretched condition.
371	Scowl	24	look angry by lowering the eyebrows; frown	Laverne scowled at her mother when she was prohibited from going out. I dread seeing my father scowl when he gets my report card. Because of a defect in her vision, it always appeared that Polly was scowling.
372	Volunteer	33	person who enters any service of his or her own free will; to offer one’s services	The draft has been abolished and replaced by a volunteer army. Terry did not hesitate to volunteer for the most difficult jobs. The boys were reluctant to volunteer their services to help clean up after the dance.
373	Severity	27	strictness; harshness; plainness; violence	The severity of the teacher was not appreciated by the pupils until they reached the final examinations. The severity of the Black Plague can be imagined from the fact that thirty percent of the population died. Rosita complained to the principal about the severity of the punishment which the Student Court gave to her.
374	Daze	29	confuse	The severity of the blow dazed the fighter and led to his defeat. When he ventured out of the house at night, the child was dazed by the noise and the lights. Dazed by the flashlight, Maria blundered down the steps.
375	Soar	35	fly upward or at a great height; aspire	We watched the soaring eagle skim over the mountain peak. An ordinary man cannot comprehend such soaring ambition. The senator’s hopes for victory soared after his television appearance.
376	Illustrate	28	make clear or explain by stories, examples, comparisons, or other means; serve as an example	To illustrate how the heart sends blood around the body, the teacher described how a pump works. This exhibit will illustrate the many uses of atomic energy. These stories illustrate mark Twain’s serious side.
377	Logical	23	reasonable; reasonably expected	It is logical to spend a minimum on needless things. In order to keep your car running well, it is only logical that you lubricate it regularly. I used a logical argument to persuade Lester to leave.
378	Rash	27	a breaking out with many small red spots on the skin; outbreak of many instances within a short time too hasty or careless	The report of a rash of burglaries in the neighborhood was exaggerated. Poison ivy causes a rash. It is rash to threaten an action you cannot carry out.
379	Subside	29	sink to a lower level; grow less	After the excessive rains stopped, the flood waters subsided. The waves subsided when the winds ceased to blow. Danny’s anger subsided when the culprit apologized.
380	Vital	40	having to do with life; necessary to life; causing death; failure or ruin; lively	We must preserve and protect our vital resources. Eating is a vital function, the obese man reminded me. The valiant soldier died of a vital wound.
381	Negative	40	saying no; minus; showing the lights and shadows reversed	The captain gave a negative response to the request for a leave. Three below zero is a negative quantity. A negative image is used to print a positive picture.
382	Mumble	33	speak indistinctly	Ricky mumbled his awkward apology. This speech course will encourage you to stop mumbling and to speak more distinctly. When the witness continued to mumble, the judge asked him to speak up.
383	Transparent	39	easily seen through; clear	Window glass is transparent. Colonel Thomas is a man of transparent honesty and loyalty. The homicide was a transparent case of jealousy that got out of hand.
384	Excessive	28	too much; too great; extreme	Pollution of the atmosphere is an excessive price to pay for so-called progress. Numerous attempts have been made to outlaw jet planes that make excessive noise. The inhabitants of Arizona are unaccustomed to excessive rain.
385	Roam	30	wander; go about with no special plan or aim	In the days of the Wild West, outlaws roamed the country. A variety of animals once roamed our land. The bachelor promised his girlfriend that he would roam no more.
386	Subsequent	35	later; following; coming after	Subsequent events proved that Sloan was right. Further explanations will be presented in subsequent lectures. Though the enemy forces resisted at first, they subsequently learned that their efforts were in vain.
387	Repetition	29	act of doing or saying again	The repetition of new words in this book will help you to learn them. Any repetition of such unruly behavior will be punished. After a repetition of his costly mistake, Jerry was fired from his jo
388	Amend	42	change for the better; correct; change	It is time you amended your ways. Each time they amended the plan, they made it worse. Rather than amend the club’s constitution again, let us discard it and start afresh.
389	Promote	28	raise in rank or importance; help to grow and develop; help to organize	Students who pass the test will be promoted to the next grade. An accurate knowledge of other cultures will promote good will among people of different backgrounds. Several bankers invested an enormous sum of money to promote the ide
390	Detest	24	dislike very much; hate	The world detests people who aren’t valiant. Wally was certain that his girlfriend’s parents would detest him because he had been a delinquent. I detest Chinese food but I won’t deprive you of the chance to eat it.
391	Recede	38	go back; move back; slope backward; withdraw	As you ride past in a train, you have the unique feeling that houses and trees are receding. Mr. Ranford’s beard conceals his receding chin. Always cautious, Mr. Camhi receded from his former opinion.
392	Loyalty	32	faithfulness to a person, government, idea, custome, or the like	How can we provide job opportunities for all our graduates? Hal said he would bring the ball provided he would be allowed to pitch. The government is obligated, among other things, to provide for the common welfare and secure the blessings of peace for all citizens.
393	Warden	22	keeper; guard; person in charge of a prison	The warden found himself facing two hundred defiant prisoners. A cautious warden always has to anticipate the possibility of an escape. When the journalists asked to meet with Warden Thomas, he sent word that he was sick.
394	Baggage	25	the trunks and suitcases a person takes when he or she travels; an army’s equipment	When Wait unpacked his baggage, he found he had forgotten his radio. Mrs. Montez checked her baggage at the station and took the children for a walk. The modern army cannot afford to be slowed up with heavy baggage.
395	Obedient	38	doing what one is told; willing to obey	The obedient dog came when his master beckoned. Obedient to his father’s wishes, Guy did not explore any further. When parents make reasonable requests of them, the majority of my friends are obedient.
396	Partial	23	not complete; not total	We made a partial listing of the urgently needed supplies. Macy’s had a sale on a partial selection of its winter clothes. Using only a partial amount of his great speed, Jim Ryun surpassed all the other runners.
397	Majestic	37	grand; noble; dignified; kingly	The lion is the most majestic creature of the jungle. In Greek mythology, Mt. Olympus was the majestic home of the gods. The graduates marched into the auditorium to the music of the majestic symphony.
398	Prior	23	coming before; earlier	Prior to choosing his life’s vocation, Paul traveled to Indi Myrna was unhappy prior to meeting her beau. Samson had been a strong man prior to having his hair cut.
399	Occupant	30	person in possession of a house, office, or position	A feeble old woman was the only occupant of the shack. The will disclosed that the occupant of the estate was penniless. The occupant of the car beckoned us to follow him.
400	Redeem	36	buy back; pay off; carry out; set free; make up for	The property on which money has been lent is redeemed when the loan is paid back. My family was relieved to hear that the mortgage had been redeemed. Mr. Franklin promptly redeemed his promise to help us in time of need.
401	Candidate	34	person who is proposed for some office or honor	We can have a maximum of four candidates for the office of president. Each candidate for mayor seemed confident he would be victorious. The candidate took every precaution to avoid mentioning his opponent by name.
402	Idol	31	a thing, usually an image, that is worshiped; a person or thing that is loved very much	This small metal idol illustrates the art of ancient Rome. John Wayne was the idol of many young people who liked cowboy movies. Scientists are still trying to identify this idol found in the ruins.
403	Wharf	42	platform built on the shore or out from the shore beside which ships can load or unload	We watched the exhausted laborers unloading the cargo on the wharf. The lawyer insisted that his client was never seen near the wharf where the crime had taken place. Waiting at the wharf for the supply ships to unload was a starving multitude of people.
404	Lunatic	31	crazy person; insane; extremely foolish	The valor of the Vietnam veterans deserves the highest com me ndation. No one will dispute the valor of Washington’s men at Valley Forge. The fireman’s valor in rushing into the flaming house saved the occupants from a horrid fate.
405	Scorch	36	burn slightly; dry up; criticize sharply	The hot iron scorched the tablecloth. Farmers reported that their wheat was being scorched by the fierce rays of the sun. Mr. Regan gave the class a scorching lecture on proper behavior in the cafeteri
406	Quench	26	put an end to; drawn or put out	Nick’s awkward motions betrayed his nervousness. Without realizing what he was doing, the talkative soldier betrayed his unit’s plans. The child’s eyes betrayed his fear of the fierce dog.
407	Clergy	39	persons prepared for religious work; clergymen as a group	We try never to hinder the clergy as they perform their sacred tasks. Friar Tuck was a member of the clergy who loved a jolly jest. The majority of the clergy felt the new morality was a menace to society.
408	Fertile	31	bearing seeds or fruit; producing much of anything	After the variety of bewildering experiences at the start of our trip, we were happy that the rest of the journey was uneventful. Our annual class outing proved quite uneventful. The meeting seemed uneventful but expert observers realized that important decisions were being made.
409	Pension	40	regular payment that is not wages; to make such a payment	Pensions are often paid because of long service, special merit, or injuries received. The pension is calculated on the basis of your last year’s income. Mrs. Colby pensioned off her employee after thirty years of loyal service.
410	Outlaw	28	an exile; an outcast; a criminal; to declare unlawful	Congress has outlawed the sale of certain drugs. The best known outlaw of the American West was Jesse James. An animal which is cast out by the rest of the pack is known as an outlaw.
411	Radical	34	going to the root; fundamental; extreme; person with extreme opinions	The tendency to be vicious and cruel is a radical fault. We observe that the interest in radical views is beginning to subside. Because Richard was a radical, the Conservative Party would not accept him as a candidate.
412	Verdict	38	decision of a jury; judgment	The jury returned a verdict of guilty for the traitor. We were cautioned not to base our verdict on prejudice. Baffled by the verdict, the prosecutor felt that the evidence had been ignored.
413	Bait	28	anything, specially food, used to attract fish or other animals so that they may be caught; anything used to tempt or attract a person to begin something he or she does not wish to do; to put bait on (a hook) or in (a trap); torment by unkind or annoying شه احتم	The secret of successful trout fishing is finding the right bait. How can you expect to bait Mike into running for the class presidency when he has already refused every appeal? Eddie is a good hunter because he knows the merit of each kind of bait for the different animals.
414	Architect	25	a person who makes plans for buildings and other structures; a maker; a creator	The famous architect, Frank Lloyd Wright, designed his buildings to blend with their surroundings. An architect must have a knowledge of the materials that will be used in his structures. General Eisenhower was the architect of victory over the Nazis In World War 11.
415	Witty	33	cleverly amusing	Mr. Carlson’s witty introduction qualifies him as a first-rate speaker. Fay is too slow to appreciate such witty remarks. The lawyer tried to prosecute the case by being witty and thereby entertaining the jury.
416	Site	30	position or place (of anything)	The agent insisted that the house had one of the best sites in town. We were informed by our guide that a monument would be built on the site of the historic battle. For the site of the new school, the committee preferred an urban location.
417	Reptile	23	a cold blooded animal that creeps or crawls; snakes, lizards, turtles, alligators, and crocodiles	The lizard is a reptile with a very slender body. Reptiles are kept in the museum’s large hall. A crocodile is a reptile that is more nimble in the water than out of it.
418	Discard	35	throw aside	Anna casually discarded one boyfriend after another. Confident that he held a winning hand, Slim refused to discard anything. Asked why he had discarded his family traditions, Mr. Menzel remained mute.
419	Magnify	40	cause to look larger than it really is; make too much of; go beyond the truth in telling	A microscope is a magnifying glass. It seems that Mr. Steinmetz magnified the importance of the document in his possession. Some people have a tendency to magnify every minor fault in others.
420	Finance	35	money matters; to provide money for	The new employee boasted of his skill in finance. Frank circulated the rumor that his uncle would finance his way through college. Mrs. Giles retained a lawyer to handle her finances.
421	Prosecute	25	bring before a court; follow up; carry on	Drunken drivers should be prosecuted. The district attorney refused to prosecute the case for lack of evidence. The general prosecuted the war with vigor.
422	Depict	30	represent by drawing or painting; describe	The artist and the author both tried to depict the sunset’s beauty. Mr. Salinger depicted the juvenile character with great accuracy, The extent of the disaster can scarcely be depicted in words.
423	Drench	38	wet thoroughly; soak	A heavy rain drenched the campus, and the students had to dry out their wet clothing. The drenching rains resumed after only one day of sunshine. His fraternity friends tried to drench him but he was too clever for them.
424	Temperate	34	not very hot and not very cold; moderate	The United States is mostly in the North Temperate Zone. All students received the appeal to be temperate and not to jump to conclusions in judging the new grading system. Mrs. Rollins commended her class for their temperate attitude when she announced the extra assignment.
425	Pauper	25	a very poor person	The fire that destroyed his factory made Mr. Bloomson a pauper. The richest man is a pauper if he has no friends. Since he was once a pauper himself, Max is willing to help the needy whenever he can.
426	Vocation	22	occupation; business; profession; trade	Red Smith’s vocation was as a journalist for the Times. Hiroko’s vocation turned into his life’s career. It is difficult to pick an appropriate vocation when you are in elementary school.
427	Dwindle	37	become smaller and smaller; shrink	Our supply of unpolluted water has dwindled. With no visible signs of their ship, hopes for the men’s safety dwindled with each passing hour. After the furious tempest, the dwindling chances of finding the raft vanished entirely.
428	Snub	42	treat coldly, scornfully, or with contempt; cold treatment	Darryllater apologized to Sally for snubbing her at the dance. Sandra was tormented by the thought that she might be snubbed by her classmates. I considered it a rude snub when I was not invited to the party.
429	Spontaneous	34	of one’s own free will; natural; on the spur of the moment; without rehearsal	The vast crowd burst into spontaneous cheering at the skillful play. Be cautious with these oily rags because they can break out in spontaneous flame. William’s spontaneous resentment at the mention of his sister was noted by the observant teacher.
430	Skim	34	remove from the top; move lightly (over); glide along; read hastily or carelessly	This soup will be more nourishing if you skim off the fat. I caught a glimpse of Mark and Marge skimming over the ice. Detective Corby, assigned to the homicide, was skimming through the victim’s book of addresses.
431	Surplus	37	amount over and above what is needed; excess, extra	I demand that you heed what I say. Florence pays no heed to what the signs say. Take heed and be on guard against those who try to deceive you.
432	Culprit	28	offender; person guilty of a fault or crime	Who is the culprit who has eaten all the strawberries? The police caught the culprit with the stolen articles in his car. In the Sherlock Holmes story, the culprit turned out to be a snake.
433	Neutral	24	on neither side of a quarrel or war	It is logical to remain neutral in a violent argument between spouses. Switzerland was a neutral country in World War 11. Adolph did not reject the idea but remained neutral about it.
434	Matrimony	25	married life; ceremony of marriage	Though matrimony is a holy state, our local governments still collect a fee for the marriage license. Because of lack of money, the sweetness of their matrimony turned sour. Some bachelors find it very difficult to give up their freedom for the blessings of matrimony.
435	Pacify	26	make calm; quiet down; bring peace to	Greg responded quickly to the question. My dog responds to every command I give him. Mrs. Cole responded to the medicine so well that she was better in two days.
436	Patriotic	31	loving one’s country; showing love and loyal support for one’s country	It is patriotic to accept your responsibilities to your country. The patriotic attitude of the captive led him to refuse to cooperate with the enemy. Nathan Hate’s patriotic statement has often been quoted: “I regret that I have but one life to give for my country."
437	Valor	31	bravery; courage	Our patriotic soldiers disputed every inch of ground during the battle. The losing team disputed the contest up until the final minute of play. Many occupants of the building were attracted by the noisy dispute.
438	Biography	38	the written story of a person’s life; the part of literature that consists of biographies	Our teacher recommended the biography of the architect Frank Lloyd Wright. The reading of a biography gives a knowledge of people and events that cannot always be obtained from history books. The biography of Malcolm X is a popular book in our school.
439	Squander	25	spend foolishly; waste	Do not squander your money by buying what you cannot use. Because Freddy squandered his time watching television, he could not catch up on his homework. In his will, Mr. Larson warned his children not to squander their inheritance.
440	Lottery	35	a scheme for distributing prizes by lot or chance	The merit of a lottery is that everyone has an equal chance. We thought that a lottery was an absurd way of deciding who should be the team captain. The rash young man claimed the lottery prize only to find he had misread his number.
441	Spouse	22	husband or wife	When a husband prospers in his business, his spouse benefits also. The woman and her spouse relieved each other throughout the night at their child’s bedside. “May I bring my spouse to the office party?” Dorinda asked.
442	Exempt	29	make free from; freed from	Our school exempts bright pupils from final exams. School property is exempt from most taxes. Juvenile offenders are not exempt from punishment.
443	Mythology	32	legends or stories that ususally attempt to explain something in nature	The story of Proserpina and Ceres explaining the seasons is typical of Greek mythology. From a study of mythology we can conclude that the ancients were concerned with the wonders of nature. Ancient mythology survives to this day in popular expressions such as “Herculean task” or “Apollo Project”.
444	Municipal	40	of a city or state; having something to do in the affairs of a city or town	The state police assisted the municipal police in putting down the riot. There was only a mediocre turnout for the municipal elections. The municipal government placed a ban on parking during business hours.
445	Untidy	34	not neat; not in order	The bachelor’s quarters were most untidy. We must start a clean-up campaign to keep the campus from being so untidy. Finding the house in such an untidy condition baffled us.
446	Coincide	39	occupy the same place in space; occupy the same time; correspond exactly; agree	If these triangles were placed one on top of the other, they would coincide. Because Pete’s and Jim’s working hours coincide, and they live in the same vicinity, they depart from their homes at the same time. My verdict on the film coincides with Adele’s.
447	Debtor	39	person who owes something to another	If I borrow a dollar from you, I am your debtor. As a debtor who had received many favors from the banker, Mr.Mertz was reluctant to testify against him. A gloomy debtor’s prison was once the fate of those who could not repay their loans.
448	Maim	29	cripple; disable; cause to lose an arm, leg, or other part of the body	Auto accidents maim many persons each year. Though he went through an awesome experience in the crash, Fred was not seriously maimed. Car manufacturers insist that seat belts can prevent the maiming of passengers in the event of a crash.
449	Stationary	35	having a fixed station or lpace; standing still; not moving; not changing in size, number or activity	A factory engine is stationary. The population of our town has been stationary for a decade. Caught in the middle of traffic, the frightened pedestrian remained stationary in the busy street.
450	Utensil	34	container or tool used for practical purposes	Several utensils were untidily tossed about the kitchen. Edward’s baggage contained all the utensils he would need on the camping trip. Some people are so old-fashioned that they reject the use of any modern utensil.
451	Vertical	41	straight up and down with reference to the horizon, for example, a vertical line	It wasn’t easy to get the drunken man into a vertical position. The way to vote for your candidate is to pull the lever from the horizontal position to the vertical position. A circle surrounding a vertical line that ends in an inverted V is the well-known peace symbol.
452	Vermin	24	small animals that are troublesome or destructive; fleas, bedbugs, lice, rats, and mice are vermin	One should try to eliminate all vermin from his or her house. Some reptiles eat vermin as their food. Although vermin are not always visible, they probably inhabit every house in the city.
453	Drought	37	long period of dry weather; lack of rain; lack of water; dryness	Adolescent vandals wrecked the cafeteri The vandals deliberately ripped the paintings from the wall. We could scarcely believe the damage caused by the vandals.
454	Cancel	39	cross out; mark so that it cannot be used; wipe out; call off	The stamp was only partially canceled. Because the first shipment contained defective parts, Mr. Zweben canceled the rest of the order. Having found just the right man for the job, Captain Mellides canceled all further interviews.
455	Complacent	41	pleased with oneself; self-satisfied	Senator Troy denounced the complacent attitude of the polluters of our air. How can you be complacent about such a menace? I was surprised that Martin was so complacent about his brief part in the play.
456	Placard	39	a notice to be posted in a public place; poster	Colorful placards announced an urgent meeting. Placards were placed throughout the neighborhood by rival groups. Numerous placards appeared around the city calling for volunteers.
457	Maximum	32	greatest amount; greatest possible	Chris acknowledged that the maximum he had ever walked in one day was fifteen miles. We would like to exhibit this rare collection to the maximum number of visitors. The committee anticipated the maximum attendance of the first day of the performance.
458	Illegal	36	not lawful; against the law	It is illegal to reveal the names of juvenile delinquents. Bigamy is illegal in the United States. Mr. Worthington’s illegal stock manipulations led to his jail sentence.
459	Wad	33	small, soft mass; to roll or crush into a small mass	To decrease the effects of the pressure, the diver put wads of cotton in his ears. The officer challenged George to explain the wad of fifty dollars which he had in his pocket. Because the automatic firing mechanism was defective, the hunter had to wad the powder into the gun by hand.
460	Unstable	22	not firmly fixed; easily moved or overthrown	Some unstable people may panic when they find themselves in trouble. I could detect that the drinking glass was unstable and about to fall. Cathy’s balance became unstable because she was very weary.
461	Juvenile	28	young; youthful; of or for boys and girls; a young person	My sister is known in the family as a juvenile delinquent. Paula is still young enough to wear juvenile fashions. Ellen used to devour “Cinderella” and other stories for juveniles.
462	Scald	39	pour boiling liquid over; burn with hot liquid or steam; heat almost to the boiling point	Do not neglect to scald the dishes before drying them. The scalding lava pouring from the mountain placed everyone in peril. By being hasty, Stella scalded her hand.
463	Epidemic	40	an outbreak of a disease that spreads rapidly, so that many people have it at the same time; widespread	All of the schools in the city were closed during the epidemic. The depiction of violence in the movies has reached epidemic proportions. During the epidemic we were forbidden to drink water unless it had been boiled.
464	Wasp	41	an insect with a slender body and powerful sting	When the wasps descended on the picnic, we ran in all directions. A swarm of wasps attacked us as we were reclining on the porch. The piercing sting of a wasp can be very painful.
465	Potential	41	possibility as opposed to actuality; capability of coming into being or action; possible as opposed to actual; capable of coming into being or action	Mark has the potential of being completely rehabilitated. The coach felt his team had the potential to reach the finals. Destroying nuclear weapons reduces a potential threat to human survival.
466	Thrifty	27	saving; careful in spending; thriving	By being thrifty, Miss Benson managed to get along on her small income. A thrifty person knows that squandering money can lead to financial calamity. By thrifty use of their supplies, the shipwrecked sailors were able to survive for weeks.
467	Censor	28	person who tells others how they ought to behave; one who changes books, plays and other works so as to make them acceptable to the government; to make changes in	Some governments, national and local, censor books. The censor felt that fiction as well as other books should receive the stamp of approval before they were put on sale. Any mention of the former prime minister was outlawed by the censor.
468	Contagious	39	spreading by contact, easily spreading from one to another	Scarlet fever is contagious. I find that yawning is often contagious. Interest in the project was contagious, and soon all opposition to it collapsed.
469	Nominate	41	name as a candidate for office; appoint to an office	Three times Bryant was nominated for office but he was never elected. The President nominated him for Secretary of State. Though Danny was nominated last, he emerged as the strongest candidate.
470	Ballot	42	piece of paper used in voting; the whole number of votes cast; the method of secret voting; to vote or decide by using ballots”	Clyde, confident of victory, dropped his ballot into the box. After we counted the ballots a second time, Leo’s victory was confirmed. To avoid embarrassing the candidates, we ballot instead of showing hands.
471	Legible	39	able to be read; easy to read; plain and clear	Julia’s handwriting is beautiful and legible. Nancy hesitated in her reading because the words were scarcely legible. Our teacher penalizes us for compositions which are not legible.
472	Unearth	39	dig up; discover; find out	The digging of the scientists unearthed a buried city. A plot to defraud the investors was unearthed by the F.I. The museum exhibited the vase which had been unearthed in Greece.
473	Vulnerable	32	capable of being injured; open to attack; sensitive to criticism, influences, etc.	Achilles was vulnerable only in his heel. The investigator’s nimble mind quickly located the vulnerable spot in the defendant’s alibi. A vulnerable target for thieves is a solitary traveler.
474	Narcotic	36	drug that produces drowsiness, sleep, dullness, or an insensible condition, and lessens pain by dulling the nerves	Opium is a powerful narcotic. We do not have adequate knowledge of the narcotic properties of these substances. The doctor prescribed a narcotic medicine to soothe the patient’s suffering.
475	Wobble	38	move unsteadily from side to side	Little Perry thrust his feet into the oversized shoes and wobbled over to the table. A baby wobbles when it begins to walk alone. Lacking experience on the high wire, the clown wobbled along until he reached the safety of the platform.
476	Uneventful	31	without important or striking happenings	A vein of lunacy seemed to run in the family. Mario’s wrist was severely cut by the rock, causing his vein to bleed heavily. Explorations disclosed the rich vein of copper in the mountain.
477	Delinquent	22	an offender; criminal; behind time	The youthful delinquent tried to avoid going to jail. All delinquents are banned from the Student Council at school. If you are delinquent in paying your dues, you will be dropped from membership in the clu
478	Homicide	22	a killing of one human being by another; murder	The police were baffled as to who was responsible for the homicide. It took a crafty person to get away with that homicide. News of the homicide quickly circulated through our vicinity.
479	Awesome	26	causing or showing great fear, wonder, or respect	Tourists often hire guides. The Indian guided the hunters through the forest. Use the suggestions in the handbook as a study guide.
480	Cinema	35	moving picture	Censors have developed a rating system for the cinema. Today’s cinema is full of homicides and violence. A best-seller is often the source of cinema stories.
481	Miserly	27	stingy; like a miser	Being miserly with our natural resources will help us to live longer on this earth. A miserly person rarely has any friends. Silas Marner abandoned his miserly habits when Eppie came into his life.
482	Unify	37	unite; make or form into one	The team decided unanimously to abide by the captain’s ruling. Senator Ervin abided by his promise not to allow demonstrations in the committee room. My mother cannot abide dirt and vermin.
483	Disrupt	27	upset; cause to break down	Pam’s clowning disrupted the class every day. The storm disrupted the telephone lines throughout the are The collapse of the government disrupted the services we took for granted, such as mail delivery.
484	Adolescent	34	growing up to manhood or womanhood; youthful; a person from about 13 to 22 years of age	In his adolescent years, the candidate claimed, he had undergone many hardships. There is a fiction abroad that every adolescent is opposed to tradition. Our annual Rock Festival attracts thousands of adolescents.
485	Beneficiary	22	person who receives benefit	I was the beneficiary of $8,000 when my grandfather died. When the paintings were sold, the millionaire’s niece was the beneficiary. My brother was the beneficiary of excellent advice from his guidance counselor.
486	Vandal	37	person who wilfully or ignorantly destroys or damages beautiful things	Rico’s excuse was a deliberate lie. My grandfather walks with deliberate steps. Judge Sirica deliberated for a week before making his decision known.
487	Bigamy	25	having two wives or two husbands at the same time	Some people look upon bigamy as double trouble. Mr. Winkle, looking at his wife, thought bigamy was one crime he would never be guilty of. Some religious groups are in favor of bigamy even though it is against the law of the land.
488	Undernourished	28	not sufficiently fed	The undernourished child was so feeble he could hardly walk. There is evidence that even wealthy people are undernourished because they do not eat sufficient quantities of healthful foods. An infant who drinks enough milk will not be undernourished.
489	Commuter	31	one who travels regularly, especially over a considerable distance between home and work	The average commuter would welcome a chance to live in the vicinity of his or her work. Have your commuter’s ticket verified by the conductor. A novel educational program gives college credit to commuters who listen to a lecture while they are traveling to work.
490	Vaccinate	34	inoculate with vaccine as a protection against smallpox and other diseases	There has been a radical decline in polio since doctors began to vaccinate children with the Salk vaccine. The general population has accepted the need to vaccinate children against the once-dreaded disease. Numerous examples persist of people who have neglected to have their infants vaccinated.
491	Dejected	38	in low spirits; sad	His biography related that Edison was not dejected by failure. The defeated candidate felt dejected and scowled when asked for an interview. There is no reason to be dejected because we did not get any volunteers.
492	Morgue	41	place where bodies of unknown persons found dead are kept; the reference library of a newspaper office	There is a slender chance that we can identify the body in the morgue. Bodies in the morgue are preserved by low temperatures. In the morgue of the New York Times there are biographies of most famous people.
493	Ventilate	40	change the air in; purify by fresh air; discuss openly	We ventilated the kitchen by opening the windows. The lungs ventilate the blood. There is merit in ventilating the topic of the prom before the entire senior class.
494	Parole	41	word of honor; conditional freedom; to free (a prisoner) under certain conditions	The judge paroled the juvenile offenders on condition that they report to him every three months. Since the prisoner has been rehabilitated, his family is exploring the possibility of having him paroled. The fugitive gave his parole not to try to escape again.
495	Oral	40	spoken; using speech; of the mouth	An oral agreement is not enough; we must have a written promise. Oral surgery is necessary to penetrate to the diseased root. His unique oral powers made Lincoln a man to remember.
496	Upholstery	41	coverings and cushions for furniture	Our old sofa was given new velvet upholstery. The Browns’ upholstery was so new that we were wary about visiting them with the children. Thirty-five dollars was the estimate for changing the upholstery on the dining-room chairs.
497	Drastic	42	acting with force or violence	The police took drastic measures to end the crime wave. The most drastic changes in centuries have taken place during our life-time. In the interests of justice, drastic action must be taken.
498	Jeopardize	40	risk; endanger	Soldiers jeopardize their lives in war. Mr. Marcos revised his opinion of police officers after two of them had jeopardized their lives to save his drowning child. Though it jeopardized his chance for a promotion, Mr. Rafael ventured to criticize his boss.
499	Rehabilitate	41	restore to good condition; make over in a new form; restore to former standing, rank, reputation, etc.	The old house was rehabilitated at enormous expense. The former criminal completely rehabilitated himself and was respected by all. This wing of the house must be rehabilitated promptly, as there is a danger, it will collapse.
500	Obesity	40	extreme fatness	Obesity is considered a serious disease. The salesman tactfully referred to Jack’s obesity as stoutness. At the medical convention the topic discussed was the prevention of obesity.
501	Penalize	22	declare punishable by law or rule; set a penalty for	The Detroit Lions were penalized fifteen yards for their rough play. We were penalized for not following tradition. Mrs. Robins penalized us for doing the math problem in ink.
502	Coeducational	34	having to do with educating both sexes in the same school	There has been a massive shift to coeducational schools. Coeducational institutions, once thought to have a disruptive effect, have been found to be beneficial. In choosing a college, Ned leans toward schools which are coeducational.
503	Chiropractor	40	a person who treats ailments by massage and manipulation of the vertebrae and other forms of therapy on the theory that disease results from interference with the normal functioning of the nervous system	The chiropractor tried to relieve the pain by manipulating the spinal column. Mrs. Lehrer confirmed that a chiropractor had been treating her. The chiropractor recommended hot baths between treatments.
504	Preoccupied	41	took up all the attention	Getting to school in time for the test preoccupied Judy’s mind. My boss is always preoccupied with ways of cutting down on the workers’ lateness. Charity cases preoccupied Mrs. Reynaldo’s attention.

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